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Selective alterations in immunoregulatory lymphocyte subsets in early HIV (human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) infection

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Abstract

In order to characterize the effects of HIV (human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) on the immune system, Leu8− and Leu8+ subsets of CD4 and CD8 cells were studied in seropositive homosexually active men without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Controls included both heterosexual men and HIV-seronegative homosexually active men. The decrease in CD4 levels, observed in HIV-seropositive men who were asymptomatic, as well as in those who had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy or constitutional symptoms of HIV infection, occurred proportionally in both the Leu8− and the Leu8+ CD4 subsets. This observation, that HIV infection does not selectively diminish either subset of CD4 cells, indicates that the selective loss of T cell-mediated functions which accompanies the development of AIDS is not related to preferential loss of the Leu8+ CD4 subset. Among CD8 cells, however, HIV infection resulted in a threefold elevation in the number of Leu8− CD8 cells, while the number of Leu8+ CD8 cells remained constant. The increase in Leu8− CD8 cells was present in recent seroconverters, persistently seropositive men, and patients with AIDS. We propose that the increase in Leu8− CD8 cells represents an HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cell response. These cells may operate by killing infected CD4 cells, thereby partially controlling viral infection while simultaneously contributing to the destruction of the immune system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 90024, Los Angeles, California

    Janis V. Giorgi

  2. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 90024, Los Angeles, California

    Janis V. Giorgi & Huei-Ling Cheng

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine, 12-244 Factor Building, 90024, Los Angeles, California

    Parunag G. Nishanian, Ingrid Schmid & Lance E. Hultin

  4. UCLA School of Public Health, 90024, Los Angeles, California

    Roger Detels

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  1. Janis V. Giorgi
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  2. Parunag G. Nishanian
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  3. Ingrid Schmid
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  4. Lance E. Hultin
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  5. Huei-Ling Cheng
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  6. Roger Detels
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Giorgi, J.V., Nishanian, P.G., Schmid, I. et al. Selective alterations in immunoregulatory lymphocyte subsets in early HIV (human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) infection. J Clin Immunol 7, 140–150 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00916008

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