Summary
Blood flow in the right and left forearms was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography in ten healthy male subjects before and after training with a hand ergometer. The subjects in group A and B were trained using work loads of 1/3 and 1/2, respectively. of maximum grip strength 6 days/week for 6 weeks. It was found that the blood flow in the left (untrained or contralateral) forearm during exhaustive training of the right hand increased gradually with increasing training periods, and that after 6 weeks of training, grip strength, endurance and peak blood flow of the forearm increased significantly not only in the trained forearm, but also in the untrained forearm. From these results, it is suggested that the increase of blood flow in the contralateral limb after training may, at least in part, be related to the cross transfer effect of muscular endurance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Clausen JP, Trap-Jensen J (1970) Effects of training on the distribution of cardiac output in patients with coronary disease. Circulation 42: 611–624
Davies CTM, Sargeant AJ (1975) Effects of training on the physiological responses to one- and two leg work. J Appl Physiol 38: 377–381
Eklund B, Kaijser L, Knutsson E (1974) Blood flow in resting (contralateral) arm and leg during isometric contraction. J Physiol 240: 111–123
Eklund B, Kaijser L (1976) Effect of regional α- and Β-adrenergic blockade on blood flow in the resting forearm during contralateral isometric handgrip. J Physiol 262: 39–50
Hellebrandt FA, Parrish AM, Houtz SJ (1947) Cross eduaction: The influence of unilateral exercise on the contralateral limb. Arch Phys Med 28: 76–85
Hellebrandt FA (1951) Cross education: Ipsilateral and contralateral effects of unilateral training. J Appl Physiol 4: 136–144
Hodgkins J (1961) Influence of unilateral endurance training on contralateral limb. J Appl Physiol 16: 991–993
Ikai M, Steinhaus AH (1961) Some factors modifying the expression of human strength. J Appl Physiol 16: 157–163
Kagaya A, Ikai M (1970) Training effects on muscular endurance with respect to blood flow in males and females of different ages. Jpn J Phys Educ 14: 129–136
Lewis S, Thompson P, Areskog NH, Vodak P, Marconyak M, DeBusk R, Mellen S, Haskell W (1980) Transfer effects of endurance training to exercise with untrained limb. Eur J Appl Physiol 44: 25–34
Lind AR, Taylor SH, Humphreys PW, Kennelly BM, Donald KW (1964) The circulatory effects of sustained voluntary muscle contraction. Clin Sci 27: 229–244
Mathews DK, Shay CT, Godin F, Hogdon R (1956) Cross transfer effects of training on strength and endurance. Res Q 27: 206–212
Meyers CR (1967) Effects of two isometric routines on strength, size, and endurance in exercised and unexercised arms. Res Q 38: 430–440
Ridge BR, Pyke FS, Roberts AD (1976) Responses to kayak ergometer performance after kayak and bicycle ergometer training. Med Sci Sports 8: 18–22
Rohter FD, Rochelle RH, Hyman C (1963) Exercise blood flow changes in the human forearm during physical training. J Appl Physiol 18: 789–793
Saltin B, Nazar K, Costill DL, Stein E, Jansson E, Essen B, Gollnick PD (1976) The nature of the training response; peripheral and central adaptations to one-legged exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 96: 289–305
Scripture EW, Smith TL, Brown EM (1894) On the education of muscular control and power. Stud Yale Psychol Lab 2: 114–119
Shaver LG (1970) Effects of training on relative muscular endurance in ipsilateral and contralateral arms. Med Sci Sports 2: 165–171
Sills FD, Olson AL (1958) Action potentials in unexercised arm when opposite arm is exercised. Res Q 29: 213–221
Simmons R, Shephard RJ (1972) The influence of training upon the distribution of cardiac Output. In: Taylor AW (ed), Training. Scientific basis and application. Charles C Thomas Publisher, Springfield, pp 131–138
Stamford BA, Cuddihee RW, Moffatt RJ, Rowland R (1978) Task specific changes in maximal oxygen uptake resulting from arm versus leg training. Ergonomics 21: 1–9
Walter CE, Stewart CL, LeClaire JF (1960) Effect of short bouts of isometric and isotonic contractions on muscular strength and endurance. Am J Phys Med 39: 131–141
Whitney RJ (1953) The measurement of volume changes in human limbs. J Physiol 121: 1–27
Williams CA, Lind AR (1979) Measurement of forearm blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography: Influence of hand blood flow during sustained and intermittent isometric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 42: 141–149
Wissler C, Richardson WW (1900) Diffusion of motor impulse. Psychol Rev 7: 29–38
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yasuda, Y., Miyamura, M. Cross transfer effects of muscular training on blood flow in the ipsilateral and contralateral forearms. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 51, 321–329 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00429068
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00429068