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Invasive squamous-cell carcinoma in giant anorectal condyloma (Buschke-Löwenstein tumor)

Invasives Schuppenzellkarzinom beim Riesenanorektalkondylom (Buschke-Löwenstein-Tumor)

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Abstract

Giant condyloma acuminata, first described by Buschke and Löwenstein in 1925 as a penile lesion, is extremely rare in the anorectal region. The cauliflower-like tumor behaves clinically in a malignant fashion, although it shows no histomorphological criteria of malignancy. Up to the time of writing only 33 cases of anorectal origin, 42% with malignant transformation, have been published. The authors report 2 more cases of squamous-cell carcinoma in giant anorectal condylomata acuminata. Buschke-Löwenstein tumor is an intermediate entity between “ordinary” condyloma acuminata and squamous-cell carcinoma. Benign condyloma acuminata is caused by human papillomavirus 6 or 11. Carcinogenic cofactors promote the transition to giant, locally destructive condyloma acuminata and subsequent malignant transformation. Cure can only be achieved by early and radical excision. Formation of multiple fistulas and destruction of the sphincter may necessitate abdomino-perineal resection. Adjuvant radiation therapy should only be considered to render a tumor operable, as radiation may act as a cocarcinogenic effect and lead to a less differentiated and more aggressive cancer. The small number of cases reported and the variety of treatment regimens applied, however, do not allow the formulation of definitive therapeutic guidelines.

Zusammenfassung

Das Riesenkondylom in anorektaler Lokalisation ist eine extreme Rarität. Obwohl der blumenkohlförmige Tumor klinisch ein malignes Wachstum zeigt, erfüllt er nicht die histomorphologischen Kriterien der Malignität. In der Literatur sind bis heute 33 Fälle eines Riesenanorektalkondyloms beschrieben worden, davon 42% mit maligner Transformation in ein Schuppenzellkarzinom. Zwei weitere Fälle eines invasiven Schuppenzellkarzinoms auf dem Boden eines Riesenzellkondyloms werden berichtet. Der Buschke-Löenstein-Tumor ist ein Zwischenstadium des “einfachen” Kondyloms und des Schuppenzellkarzinoms. Condylomata acuminata werden durch die humanen Papillomavirus-Typen 6 und 11 verursacht. Karzinogene Kofaktoren bewirken den Übergang in das Riesenkondylom mit lokal destruierendem Wachstum und folgender maligner Transformation. Nur die rechtzeitige, lokale, radikale Exzision im Gesunden verspricht therapeutischen Erfolg. Multiple Fisteln und die Zerstörung des Sphinkterapparates können die abdominoperineale Rektumamputation erforderlich machen. Eine Bestrahlung sollte nur erfolgen, um Operabilität herzustellen, da sie einen kokarzinogen Effekt auf den Tumor aufweist und eine Entdifferenzierung in ein aggressiv wachsendes Karzinom auslöst.

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Bertram, P., Treutner, K.H., Rübben, A. et al. Invasive squamous-cell carcinoma in giant anorectal condyloma (Buschke-Löwenstein tumor). Langenbecks Arch Chir 380, 115–118 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00186418

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