Summary
We report a meta-analysis of the brain neurochemical abnormalities in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Evidence for oxidative stress, and disorders of energy metabolism and excitatory amino acids is presented for both disorders. However, limited data and conflicting findings preclude any definitive statement relating to differences and overlap between the two conditions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arai H, Kobayashi K, Ichimiya Y, Kosaka K, Iizuka R (1984) A preliminary study of free amino acids in the postmortem temporal cortex from Alzheimer-type dementia patients. Neurobiol Aging 5: 319–321.
Bowen DM, Davison AN, Francis PT, Palmer AM, Pearce BR, et al. (1985) Neurotransmitter and metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s dementia: relationship to histopathological features. Interdiscipl Topics Geront 19: 156–174.
Butterworth J, Tennant M, Yates CM (1988) Brain enzymes in agonal state and dementia. Biochem Soc Trans 17: 208–209.
Cedarbaum JM, Sheu K, Harding B, Blass J, Agid F-J, et al. (1990) Deficiency of glutamate dehydrogenase in postmortem brain samples from Parkinsonian putamen. Ann Neurol 28: 111–112.
Cowburn RF, Barton AJL, Hardy JA, Wester P, Winblad B (1987) Region-specific defects in glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid innervation in Alzheimer’s disease. Biochem Soc Trans 15: 505–506.
Cowburn R, Hardy J, Roberts P, Briggs R (1988) Regional distribution of pre- and postsynaptic glutamatergic function in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res 452: 403–407.
Cowburn RF, Hardy JA, Briggs RS, Roberts P (1989) Characterisation, density, and distribution of kainate receptors in normal and Alzheimer’s diseased human brain. J Neurochem 52: 140–147.
Cross AJ, Crow TJ, Ferrier IN, Johnson JA (1986) The selectivity of the reduction of serotonin S2 receptors in Alzheimer-type dementia. Neurobiol Aging 7: 3–7.
Cross AJ, Slater P, Simpson M, Royston C, Deakin JFW, et al. (1987) Sodium dependent D-3H-aspartate binding in cerebral cortex in patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 7: 213–217.
Dexter DT, Carter CJ, Wells FR, Javoy-Agid F, Agid YJ (1989) Basal lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra is increased in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 52: 381–389.
Ehringer H, Hornykiewicz O (1960) Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Dopamin im Gehirn des Menschen und ihr Verhalten bei Erkrankungen des extrapyramidalen Systems. Wien Klin Wochenschr 72: 1236–1239.
Ellison DW, Beai MF, Mazurek MF, Bird ED, Martin JB, et al. (1986) A postmortem study of amino acid neurotransmitters in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 20: 616–621.
Fowler CJ, Wiberg A, Oreland L, Marcusson J, Winblad B (1980) The effect of age on the activity and molecular properties of human brain monoamine oxidase. J Neural Transm 49: 1–20.
Geddes JW, Chang-Chui H, Cooper SM, Lott IT, Cotman CW (1986) Density and distribution of NMDA receptors in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res 399: 156–161.
Gilbert JJ, Kish SJ, Chang LJ, Morito C, Shannak K, et al. (1988) Dementia, parkinsonism, and motor neuron disease: neurochemical and neuropathological correlates. Ann Neurol 24: 688–691.
Gramsbergen JBP, Mountjoy CQ, Rossor MN, Reynolds GP, Roth M, et al. (1987) A correlative study on hippocampal cation shifts and amino acids and clinico-pathologi-cal data in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 8: 487–494.
Greenamyre JT, Penney JB, Young AB, D’Amato CJ, Hicks SP (1985) Alterations in L-glutamate binding in Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease. Science 227: 1496–1499.
Greenamyre JT, Penney JB, D’Amato CJ, Young AB (1987) Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: changes in hippocampal L-3H-glutamate binding. J Neurochem 48: 543–551.
Hardy J, Cowburn R, Barton A, Reynolds G, Lofdahl E, et al. (1986) Glutamate deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 50: 356–357.
Hardy J, Cowburn R, Barton A, Reynolds G, Lofdahl E, et al. (1987) Region-specific loss of glutamate innervation in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 73: 77–80.
Jansen KLR, Faull RLM, Dragunow M, Synek BL (1990) Alzheimer’s disease: changes in hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate, quisqualate, neurotensine, adenosine, benzodiazepine, serotonin and opioid receptors — an autoradiographic study. Neuroscience 39: 613–627.
Kish SJ, Morito C, Hornykiewicz O (1985) Glutathione peroxidase activity in Parkinson’s disease brain. Neurosci Lett 58: 343–346.
Marklund SL, Adolfsson R, Gottfries CG, Winblad B (1985) Superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in normal brains and in brains from patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. J Neurol Sci 67: 319–325.
Maritila RJ, Lorentz H, Rinne UK (1988) Oxygen toxicity protecting enzymes in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 86: 321–331.
McGeer EG, Singh E, McGeer PL (1987) Sodium-dependent glutamate binding in senile dementia. Neurobiol Aging 8: 219–223.
McGeer EG, Singh E A, McGeer PL (1987) Gamma-glutamyltransf erase: normal cortical levels in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1: 38–42.
Mizuno Y, Suzuki K, Ohta S (1990) Postmortem changes in mitochondrial respiratory enzymes in brain and preliminary observation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 96: 49–57.
Montis de G, Beaumont K, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y, Constandinidis JJ (1982) Glycine receptors in human substantia nigra as defined by (3H)- strychnine binding. J Neurochem 38: 718–724.
Moroni F, Lombardi G, Robitaille Y, Etienne P (1986) Senile dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: lack of changes of the cortical content of quinolinic acid. Neurobiol Aging 7: 249–253.
Mouradian MM, Contreras PC, Monahan JB, Chase TN (1988) 3H-MK-801 binding in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 93: 225–230.
Palmer AM, Procter AW, Stratmann GC, Bowen DM (1986) Excitatory amino acid-releasing and cholinergic neurones in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 66:199–204.
Pearce BR, Bowen DM (1984) 3H-Kainic acid binding and choline acetyltransferase activity in Alzheimer’s dementia. Brain Res 310: 376–378.
Pearce BR, Palmer AM, Bowen DM, Wilcock GK, Esiri MM, et al. (1984) Neurotransmitter dysfunction and atrophy of the caudate nucleus in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurochem Pathol 2: 221–232.
Perry EK (1986) The cholinergic hypothesis ten years on. Br Med Bull 42: 63–69.
Perry E, Perry R, Tomlinson BE, Blessed G, Gibson P (1980) Coenzyme A-acetylating enzymes in Alzheimer’s disease: possible cholinergic “compartment” of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Neurosci Lett 18: 105–110.
Perry EK, Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Perry RH, Crow TJ, et al. (1981) Neurochemical activities in human temporal lobe related to aging and Alzheimer-type changes. Neurobiol Aging 2: 251–256.
Perry TL, Yong VW (1986) Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and glutathione metabolism in the substantia nigra of patients. Neurosci Lett 67: 269–274.
Perry TL, Godin DV, Hansen S (1982) Parkinson’s disease: a disorder due to nigral glutathione deficiency? Neurosci Lett 33: 305–310.
Perry TL, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y, Fibiger HC (1983) Striatal GABAergic neuronal activity is not reduced in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 40: 1120–1123.
Perry TL, Yong VW, Bergeron C, Hansen S, Jones K (1987) Amino acids, glutathione, and glutathione transferase activity in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 21: 331–336.
Procter AW, Palmer AM, Bowen DM, Murphy E, Neary D (1987) Glutamatergic denervation in Alzheimer’s disease — A cautionary note. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 50: 825.
Procter AW, Lowe SL, Palmer AM, Francis PT, Esiri M, et al. (1988) Topographical distribution of neurochemical changes in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci 84: 125–140.
Procter AW, Palmer AM, Francis PT, Lowe SL, Neary D, et al. (1988) Evidence of glutamatergic denervation and possible abnormal metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 50: 790–802.
Procter AW, Stirling JM, Stratmann GC, Cross AJ, Bowen DM (1989) Loss of glycine-dependent radioligand binding to the N-methyl-D-aspartate-phencyclidine receptor complex in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 101: 62–66.
Procter AW, Wong EHF, Stratmann GC, Lowe SL, Bowen DM (1989) Reduced glycine stimulation of (3H)-MK-801 binding in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurochem 53: 698–704.
Reinikainen KJ, Paljärvi L, Huuskonen M, Soininen H, Laakso M, et al. (1988) A postmortem study of noradrenergic, serotonergic and GABAergic neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci 84: 101–116.
Riederer P, Rausch WD, Schmidt B, Kruzik P, Konradi CJ (1988) Biochemical fundamentals of Parkinson’s disease. Mt Sinai J Med 55: 21–28.
Riederer P, Sofic E, Rausch WD, Schmidt B, Reynolds GP (1989) Transition metals, ferritin, glutathione, and ascorbic acid in Parkinsonian brains. J Neurochem 52: 515–520.
Saggu H, Cooksey J, Dexter D, Wells FR, Lees AJ (1989) A selective increase in particulate superoxide dismutase activity in Parkinsonian substantia nigra. J Neurochem 53: 692–697.
Sasaki H, Muramoto O, Kanazawa I, Arai H (1986) Regional distribution of amino acid transmitters in postmortem brains of presenile and senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Ann Neurol 19: 263–269.
Schapira A, Cooper M, Dexter D, Clark J, Jenner P, et al. (1990) Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 54: 823–827.
Schapira AHV, Mann VM, Cooper JM (1990) Anatomic and disease specifity of NADH CoQ reductase (complex 1) deficiency in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 55: 2142–2145
Sherif F, Gottfries CG, Alafuzoff I, Oreland L (1992) Brain gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm [PD-Sect] 4: 227–240.
Sheu KFR, Kim YT, Blass JP, Weksler ME (1985) An immunochemical study of the pyruvate dehydrogenase deficit in Alzheimer’s disease brain. Ann Neurol 17: 444–449.
Simpson MDC, Royston MC, Deakin JFW, Cross AJ, Mann DMA, et al. (1988) Regional changes in 3H-D-aspartate and 3H-TCP binding sites in Alzheimer’s disease brains. Brain Res 462: 76–82.
Sofic E, Riederer P, Heinsen H, Beckmann H, Reynolds GP (1988) Increased iron (3) and total iron content in post-mortem substantia nigra of Parkinsonian brain. J Neural Transm 74: 199–205.
Sofic E, Halket J, Przyborowska A, Riederer P, Beckmann H, et al. (1989) Brain quinolinic acid in Alzheimer’s dementia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 239: 177–179.
Sorbi S, Bird ED, Blass JP (1983) Decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in Huntington and Alzheimer brain. Ann Neurol 13: 72–78.
Tarbit I-, Perry EK, Perry RH, Blessed G, Tomlinson BE (1980) Hippocampal free amino acids in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 35: 1246–1249.
Uitti RJ, Rajput AH, Rozdilsky B, Bickis M, Wollin TJ (1989) Regional metal concentrations in Parkinson’s disease, other chronic neurological diseases, and control brains. Can J Neurol Sci 16: 310–314.
Yates CM, Butterworth J, Tennant MC, Gordon A (1990) Enzyme activities in relation to pH and lactate in postmortem brain in Alzheimer-type and other dementias. J Neurochem 55: 1624–1630.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gsell, W., Strein, I., Krause, U., Riederer, P. (1997). Neurochemical abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease — a comparative review. In: Daniel, S.E., Cruz-Sánchez, F.F., Lees, A.J. (eds) Dementia in Parkinsonism. Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa, vol 51. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6846-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6846-2_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82959-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6846-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive