Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neuropathology of Movement Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Movement Disorders Curricula

Abstract

Movement disorders according to clinical phenomenology are divided into hypokinetic (Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy), hyperkinetic (chorea, dyskinesias, tremor), atactic (spinocerebellar, Friedreich’s ataxia), and motor neuron disorders. Only the first two are considered. Most are caused by the dysfunction of the basal ganglia, which work in tandem with the cortex via complex (corticobasal ganglia/thalamocortical) circuits, although virtually the entire nervous system is engaged in motor control. Recent progress provided insight into their pathogenesis and molecular pathology. Many are neurodegenerative proteinopathies, classified into synucleinopathies, tauopathies, polyglutamine repeat, and other disorders. This is a brief overview of the neuropathology of major forms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jellinger KA. Neuropathology of movement disorders. In: Winn HR, editor. Youmans neurological surgery, vol. 1. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier-Saunders; 2016. p. e83.1–41.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jellinger KA. Neuropathology of sporadic Parkinson’s disease: evaluation and changes of concepts. Mov Disord. 2012;27:8–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Del Tredici K, Braak H. Review: sporadic Parkinson’s disease: development and distribution of alpha-synuclein pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2016;42:33–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bellucci A, Mercuri NB, Venneri A, Faustini G, Longhena F, Pizzi M, et al. Review: Parkinson’s disease: from synaptic loss to connectome dysfunction. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2016;42:77–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kordower JH, Olanow CW, Dodiya HB, Chu Y, Beach TG, Adler CH, et al. Disease duration and the integrity of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2013;136:2419–31.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Wakabayashi K, Tanji K, Odagiri S, Miki Y, Mori F, Takahashi H. The Lewy body in Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurobiol. 2013;47:495–508.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Dickson DW. Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism: neuropathology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2, a009258.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Lue L-F, Walker DG, Adler CH, Shill H, Tran H, Akiyama H, et al. Biochemical increase in phosphorylated a-synuclein precedes histopathology of Lewy-type synucleinopathies. Brain Pathol. 2012;22:745–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Jellinger KA. Synuclein and Parkinson’s disease: an update. In: Martinez A, Gil C, editors. Emerging drugs and targets for Parkinson’s disease. London: The Royal Society of Chemistry; 2013. p. 175–216.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Alafuzoff I, Ince PG, Arzberger T, Al-Sarraj S, Bell J, Bodi I, et al. Staging/typing of Lewy body related alpha-synuclein pathology: a study of the BrainNet Europe Consortium. Acta Neuropathol. 2009;117:635–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Jellinger KA. Neuropathobiology of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015;122:1429–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Halliday G, McCann H, Shepherd C. Evaluation of the Braak hypothesis: how far can it explain the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease? Expert Rev Neurother. 2012;12:673–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Beach TG, Adler CH, Lue L, Sue LI, Bachalakuri J, Henry-Watson J, et al. Unified staging system for Lewy body disorders: correlation with nigrostriatal degeneration, cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. Acta Neuropathol. 2009;117:613–34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Walker Z, Possin KL, Boeve BF, Aarsland D. Lewy body dementias. Lancet. 2015;386:1683–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Walker L, McAleese KE, Thomas AJ, Johnson M, Martin-Ruiz C, Parker C, et al. Neuropathologically mixed Alzheimer’s and Lewy body disease: burden of pathological protein aggregates differs between clinical phenotypes. Acta Neuropathol. 2015;129:729–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Halliday GM, Song YJ, Harding AJ. Striatal beta-amyloid in dementia with Lewy bodies but not Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm. 2011;118:713–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fanciulli A, Wenning GK. Multiple-system atrophy. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:249–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ahmed Z, Asi YT, Sailer A, Lees AJ, Houlden H, Revesz T, et al. The neuropathology, pathophysiology and genetics of multiple system atrophy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2012;38:4–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Jellinger KA. Neuropathology of multiple system atrophy: new thoughts about pathogenesis. Mov Disord. 2014;29:1720–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kruer MC. The neuropathology of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2013;110:165–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Li A, Paudel R, Johnson R, Courtney R, Lees AJ, Holton JL, et al. Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration is not a synucleinopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2013;39:121–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lashley T, Rohrer JD, Mead S, Revesz T. Review: an update on clinical, genetic and pathological aspects of frontotemporal lobar degenerations. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2015;41:858–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Irwin DJ, Brettschneider J, McMillan CT, Cooper F, Olm C, Arnold SE, et al. Deep clinical and neuropathological phenotyping of Pick disease. Ann Neurol. 2016;79:272–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Tatsumi S, Uchihara T, Aiba I, Iwasaki Y, Mimuro M, Takahashi R, et al. Ultrastructural differences in pretangles between Alzheimer disease and corticobasal degeneration revealed by comparative light and electron microscopy. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2014;2:161.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Halliday G, Bigio EH, Cairns NJ, Neumann M, Mackenzie IR, Mann DM. Mechanisms of disease in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: gain of function versus loss of function effects. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;124:373–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Rub U, Vonsattel JP, Heinsen H, Korf HW. The Neuropathology of Huntington s disease: classical findings, recent developments and correlation to functional neuroanatomy. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2015;217:1–146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Govert F, Schneider SA. Huntington’s disease and Huntington’s disease-like syndromes: an overview. Curr Opin Neurol. 2013;26:420–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tsuji S. Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. Handb Clin Neurol. 2012;103:587–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kara E, Hardy J, Houlden H. The pallidopyramidal syndromes: nosology, aetiology and pathogenesis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2013;26:381–94.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Bandmann O, Weiss KH, Kaler SG. Wilson’s disease and other neurological copper disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:103–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Jinnah HA, Teller JK, Galpern WR. Recent developments in dystonia. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015;28:400–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Paudel R, Hardy J, Revesz T, Holton JL, Houlden H. Review: genetics and neuropathology of primary pure dystonia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2012;38:520–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, Delong MR, Fahn S, Fung VS, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013;28:863–73.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Govert F, Deuschl G. Tremor entities and their classification: an update. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015;28:393–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Louis ED. Essential tremor: from bedside to bench and back to bedside. Curr Opin Neurol. 2014;27:461–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Jellinger KA. Neuropathology of essential tremor. J Mult Scler. 2016;3:165.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical University Vienna, Alberichgasse 5/13, Vienna, 1150, Austria

    Kurt A. Jellinger MD

Authors
  1. Kurt A. Jellinger MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kurt A. Jellinger MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Brasov, Romania

    Cristian Falup-Pecurariu

  2. Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal

    Joaquim Ferreira

  3. National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain

    Pablo Martinez-Martin

  4. Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence King’s College, London, United Kingdom

    Kallol Ray Chaudhuri

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jellinger, K.A. (2017). Neuropathology of Movement Disorders. In: Falup-Pecurariu, C., Ferreira, J., Martinez-Martin, P., Chaudhuri, K. (eds) Movement Disorders Curricula. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1628-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1628-9_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-1627-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-1628-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation