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Perspectives on Advances in Bone Imaging for Osteoporosis

  • Chapter
Advanced Bioimaging Technologies in Assessment of the Quality of Bone and Scaffold Materials

Abstract

Noninvasive and/or nondestructive techniques can provide structural information about bone, beyond simple bone densitometry. While the latter provides important information about osteoporotic fracture risk, many studies indicate that BMD only partly explains bone strength. Quantitative assessment of macro-structural characteristics, such as geometry, and microstructural features, such as relative trabecular volume, trabecular spacing, and connectivity, may improve our ability to estimate bone strength. Methods for quantitatively assessing macrostructure include (besides conventional radiographs) dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT), particularly volumetric quantitative computed tomography (vQCT). Methods for assessing microstructure of trabecular bone noninvasively and/or nondestructively include high-resolution computed tomography (hrCT), micro-computed tomography (µCT), high-resolution magnetic resonance (hrMR), and micromagnetic resonance µmR. Volumetric QCT, hrCT, and hrMR are generally applicable in vivo; µCT and µmR are principally applicable in vitro. Despite progress remain. The important balances between spatial resolution and sampling size, or between signal-to-noise ratio and radiation dose or acquisition time, need further consideration, as do the complexity and expense of the methods vs their availability and accessibility. Clinically, the challenges for bone imaging include balancing the advantages of simple bone densitometry vs the more complex architectural features of bone, or the deeper research requirements vs the broader clinical needs. The biological differences between the peripheral appendicular skeleton and the central axial skeleton must be addressed further. Finally, the relative merits of these sophisticated imaging techniques must be weighed with respect to their applications as diagnostic procedures, requiring high accuracy or reliability, vs their monitoring applications, requiring high precision or reproducibility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

    Harry K. Genant (Professor Emeritus, Chairman Emeritus and Board of Directors)

  2. Synarc, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA

    Harry K. Genant (Professor Emeritus, Chairman Emeritus and Board of Directors)

  3. Osteoporosis and Arthritis Lab, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA

    Ye-Bin Jiang (Director)

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  1. Harry K. Genant
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  2. Ye-Bin Jiang
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Correspondence to Harry K. Genant .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Ling Qin (Professor) & Kwok Sui Leung (Professor of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology) (Professor) &  (Professor of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology)

  2. University of California, San Francisco

    Harry K. Genant (Professor Emeritus, Chairman Emeritus and Board of Directors) (Professor Emeritus, Chairman Emeritus and Board of Directors)

  3. Synarc, Inc, USA

    Harry K. Genant (Professor Emeritus, Chairman Emeritus and Board of Directors) (Professor Emeritus, Chairman Emeritus and Board of Directors)

  4. Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

    James F. Griffith

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Genant, H.K., Jiang, YB. (2007). Perspectives on Advances in Bone Imaging for Osteoporosis. In: Qin, L., Genant, H.K., Griffith, J.F., Leung, K.S. (eds) Advanced Bioimaging Technologies in Assessment of the Quality of Bone and Scaffold Materials. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45456-4_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45456-4_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-45454-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45456-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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