Skip to main content

Children and Adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in the Community

Experiences at School and with Peers

  • Chapter
Handbook of Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Abstract

This chapter examines the life of Oppositional Defiant (ODD) and Conduct Disordered (CD) children and adolescents as they emerge into the world beyond their families of origin. It documents how they function in school and in the larger community, how they relate to peers, and finally how they deal with intimate relationships and with children of their own. In addition to focusing on the behavior of these individuals, the reactions of significant others in the social context are explored, because these reactions often markedly alter the trajectory of the ODD/CD children’s development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abikoff, H., & Klein, R. G. (1992). Attention-deficit hyperactivity and conduct disorder: Comorbidity and implications for treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 881–892.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agnew, R. (1985). A revised strain theory of delinquency. Serial Forces, 64, 151–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J., Williams, S., McGee, R., & Silva, P. A. (1987). DSM-III disorders in pre-adolescent children: Prevalence in a large sample from the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 69–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J., Williams, S., McGee, R., & Silva, P. A. (1989). Cognitive and social correlates of DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 842–846.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bardone, A. M., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Dickson, N., & Silva, P. A. (1996). Adult mental health and social outcomes of adolescent girls with depression and conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology,8,811–825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bierman, K. L., Smoot, D. L., & Anmiller, K. (1993). Characteristics of aggressive-rejected, aggressive (non-rejected), and rejected (nonaggressive) boys. Child Development, 64, 139–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, C. R., & Crockett, L. J. (1996). Longitudinal adjustment patterns of boys and girls experiencing early, middle, and late sexual intercourse. Developmental Psychology,32,647–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D., Neckerman H J, Gest, S., & Gariepy, J.-L. (1988). Peer networks and aggressive behavior: Social support or social rejection? Developmental Psychology,24,320–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Capaldi, D. M., Crosby, L., & Stoolmiller, M. (1996). Predicting the timing of first sexual intercourse for at-risk adolescent males. Child Development, 67,344–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caspi, A., Lynam, D., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (1993). Unravelling girls’ delinquency: Biological, dispositional, and contextual contributions to adolescent misbehavior. Developmental Psychology,29,19–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charlebois, P., Berneche, F., LeBlanc, M., Gagnon, C., & Larivee, S. (1995). Classroom seating and juvenile delinquency. In J. McCord (Ed.), Coercion and punish-ment in long-term perspectives (pp. 198–212). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cillessen, A. N. H., IJzendoorn, H. W., van Lieshout, C. F. M., & Hartup, W. W. (1992). Heterogeneity among peer-rejected boys: Subtypes and stabilities. Child Development, 63, 893–905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, D., & Strayer, J. (1996). Empathy in conduct-disordered and comparison youth. Developmental Psychology, 32, 988–998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coie, J. D., Terry, R., Zakriski, A., & Lochman, J. (1995). Early adolescent social influences on delinquent behavior. In J. McCord (Ed.), Coercion and punishment in long-term perspectives (pp.229–244). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, D. A., & Carpentieri, S. (1990). Social status and the comorbidity of child depression and conduct disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 748–757.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development,66, 710–722.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeBaryshe, B. D., Patterson, G. R., & Capaldi, D. M. (1993). A performance model for academic achievement in early adolescent boys. Developmental Psychology, 29, 795–804.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dishion, T. J., Andrews, D. W., & Crosby, L. (1995). Antisocial boys and their friends in early adolescence: Relationship characteristics, quality, and interactional process. Child Development, 66, 139–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, J. W. B. (1966). The school progress of nervous and troublesome children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 1115–1116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • East, P. L., & Rook, K. G. (1992). Compensatory patterns of support among children’s peer relationships: A test using school friends, nonschool friend, and siblings. Developmental Psychology, 28, 163–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ensminger, M. E., Kellam, S. G., & Rubin, B. R. (1983). School and family origins of delinquency: Comparisons by sex. In K. T. Van Dusen & S. A. Mednick (Eds.), Prospective studies of crime and delinquency (pp. 73–97). Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Epkins, C. C. (1994). Peer ratings of depression, anxiety, and aggression in inpatient and elementary school children: Rating biases and influence of rater’s self-reported depression, anxiety, and aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 611–628.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fagan, J., & Pabon, E. (1990). Contributions of delinquency and substance use to school dropout among inner city youths. Youth and Society,21,306–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrington, D. P., Gallagher, B., Morley, L., St Ledger, R. J., & West, D. J. (1988). Are there any successful men from criminogenic backgrounds? Psychiatry, 51, 116–130.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feltham, R. F., Doyle, A. B., Schwartzman, A. E., Serbin, L. A., & Ledingham, J. E. (1985). Friendships in normal and socially deviant children. Journal of Early Adolescence, 5, 371–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (1995). Early disruptive behavior, IQ, and later school achievement and delinquent behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 183–199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (1996). The role of adolescent peer affiliations in the continuity between childhood behavioral adjustment and juvenile offending.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 205–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, D. M., Lynskey, M. T., & Horwood, L. J. (1996). Factors associated with continuity and changes in disruptive behavior patterns between childhood and adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 533–553.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feshbach, S., & Price, J. (1984). Cognitive competence and aggressive behavior: A developmental study. Aggressive Behavior, 10, 185–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Figueira-McDonough, J. (1993). Residence, dropping out, and delinquency rates. Deviant Behavior, 14, 109–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • French, D. C. (1988). Heterogeneity of peer-rejected boys: Aggressive and nonaggressive subtypes. Child Development,59,976–985.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, P. J., Kamphaus, R. W., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Christ, M. A. G., Hart, E. L., & Tannenbaum, L. E. (1991). Academic underachievement and the disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,59,289–294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gjone, H., & Stevenson, J. (1997). The association between internalizing and externalizing behavior in childhood and early adolescence: Genetic or environmental common influences? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,25,277–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, R. (1995). The relationship between normal variation in IQ and common childhood psychopathology: A clinical study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4, 187–196.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, R., Simonoff, E., & Stevenson, J. (1995). The impact of child IQ, parent IQ, and sibling IQ on child behavioral deviance scores. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 409–425.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, E. L., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., & Hanson, K. S. (1994). Criterion validity of informants in the diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorders in children: A preliminary study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,62,410–414.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, B., Feehan, M., McGee, R., Stanton, W., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. (1993). The importance of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in predicting adolescent substance use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 469–480.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hinshaw, S. P. (1992). Academic underachievement, attention deficits, and aggression: Comorbidity and implications for intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 893–903.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K., & Plow, J. (1990). Intellectual ability and achievement in psychiatrically hospitalized children with conduct, anxiety, and affective disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58,589–595.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, R. D., Andrews, D. A., & Leschied, A. W. (1994). Tests of three hypotheses regarding the predictors of delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 547–559.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huizenga, D. (1995). Developmental sequences in delinquency: Dynamic typologies. In Li Crockett & A. C. Crouter (Eds.), Pathways through adolescence (pp. 15–34). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ialongo, N., Edelsohn, G., Werthamer-Larsson, L.,Crockett, L., & Kellam, S. (1996). The course of aggression in first-grade children with and without comorbid anxious symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 445–456.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Japel, C., Tremblay, R. E., Vitaro, F., & Boulerice, B. (1977). Effects of early family transitions on girls’ psychosocial adaptation and pubertal development between 9 and 13 years of age. Unpublished Manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvelin, M.-R., Laara, E., Rantakallio, P., Moilanen, I., & Isohanni, M. (1994). Juvenile delinquency, education, and mental disability. Exceptional Children, 61, 230–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, D. B. (1978). Similarity in real-life adolescence friendship pairs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 306–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keenan, K., Loeber, R., Zhang, Q., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Van Kammen, W. B. (1995). The influence of deviant peers on the development of boys’ disruptive and delinquent behavior: A temporal analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 715–726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellam, S. G., Brown, C. H., Rubin, B. R., & Ensminger, M. E. (1983). Paths leading to teenage psychiatric symptoms and substance use: Developmental epidemiological studies in Woodlawn. In S. B. Guze, F. J. Earls, & J. E. Barrett (Eds.), Childhood psychopathology and development (pp. 17–51). New York: Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, M., Tremblay, R. E., Pagani, L., & Vitaro, R. (1997). Boys’ behavioral inhibition and the risk of later delinquency. Archives of General Psychiatry,54,809–816.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kingston, L., & Prior, M. (1995). The development of patterns of stable, transient, and school-age onset aggressive behavior in young children. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 348–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M., Krol, R. S. M., & Voti, L. (1994). Early onset psychopathology and the risk for teenage pregnancy among clinically referred girls. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 106–113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krohn, M. D., Thomberry, T. P., Collins-Hall, L., & Lizotte, A. J. (1995). School dropout, delinquent behavior, and drug use: An examination of the causes and consequences of dropping out of school. In H. B. Kaplan (Ed.), Drugs, crime, and other deviant adaptations: Longitudinal studies (pp. 163–183). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kupersmidt, J. B., & Coie, J. D. (1990). Preadolescent peer status, aggression, and school adjustment as predictors of externalizing problems in adolescence. Child Development, 61, 1350–1362.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kupersmidt, J. B., Burchinal, M., & Patterson, C. J. (1995). Developmental patterns of childhood peer relations as predictors of externalizing behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology,7, 825–843.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kupersmidt, J. B., DeRosier, M. E., & Patterson, C. P. (1995). Similarity as the basis for children’s friend-ships: The roles of sociometric status, aggressive and withdrawn behavior, academic achievement, and demographic characteristics. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12, 439–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kupersmidt, J. B., Griesler, P. C., De Rosier, M. E., Patterson, C. J., & Davis, P. W. (1995). Childhood aggression and peer relations in the context of family and neighborhood factors. Child Development, 66, 360–375.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ledingham, J. E. (1981). Developmental patterns of aggressive and withdrawn behavior in childhood: A possible method for identifying preschizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 9, 1–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ledingham, J. E., & Schwartzman, A. E. (1984). A 3-year follow-up of aggressive and withdrawn behavior in childhood: Preliminary findings. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 157–168.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D. O., Yeager, C. A., Cobham-Portorreal, C. S., Klein, N., Showalter, C., & Anthony, A. (1991). A follow-up of female delinquents: Maternal contributions to the perpetuation of deviance. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 197–201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lynam, D., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1993). Explaining the relation between IQ and delinquency: Class, race, test motivation, school failure, or self-control? Journal of Abnormal Psychology,102,187–196.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Hagell, A., Rutter, M., & Yule, W. (1996). Reading problems and antisocial behavior: Developmental trends in comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37,405–418.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCord, J. (1987, April). Aggression and shyness as predictors of problems: A longterm view. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development as part of the symposium “Aggression and Withdrawal: Prospective Studies of Childhood Deviance,” Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee, A. R., Feehan, M., Williams, S., Partridge, F., Silva, P. A., & Kelly, J. (1990). DSM-III disorders in a large sample of adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,29,611–619.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milich, R., & Landau, S. (1984). A comparison of the social status and social behavior of aggressive and aggressive/withdrawn boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 277–288.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moffitt, T. E. (1990). Juvenile delinquency and attention deficit disorder: Developmental trajectories from age 3 to age 15.Child Development,61, 893–910.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-coursepersistent antisocial behaviour: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674–701.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Belsky, J., & Silva, R. A. (1992). Childhood experience and the onset of menarche: A test of a sociobiological model. Child Development,63, 47–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neeman, J., Hubbard, J., & Masten, A. S. (1995). The changing importance of romantic relationship involvement to competence from late childhood to late adolescence. Development and Psychopathology,7, 727–750.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olweus, D. (1983). Low school achievement and aggressive behavior in adolescent boys. In D. Magnusson & V. L. Allen (Eds.), Human development: An interactional perspective (pp. 353–365). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouston, J. (1984). Delinquency, family background, and educational attainment. British Journal of Criminology, 24, 2–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panak, W. F., & Garber, J. (1992). Role of aggression, rejection, and attributions in the prediction of depression in children. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 145–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J. G., & Asher, S. R. (1987). Peer relations and later personal adjustment: Are low-accepted children at risk? Psychological Bulletin, 102, 357–389.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., & Stoolmiller, M. (1991). Replications of a dual failure model for boys’ depressed mood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,59,491–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pianta, R. D., & Caldwell, C. B. (1990). Stability of externalizing symptoms from kindergarten to first grade and factors related to instability. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 247–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Price, J. M., & Dodge, K. A. (1989). Reactive and proactive aggression in childhood: Relations to peer status and social context dimensions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 455–471.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price, J. M., & Ladd, G. W. (1986). Assessment of children’s friendships: Implications for social competence and social adjustment. Advances in Behavioral Assessment of Children and Families, 2, 121–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinton, D., Pickles, A., Maughan, B., & Rutter, M. (1993). Partners, peers, and pathways: Assortative pairing and continuities in conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology,5, 763–783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (1983). How people make their own environments: A theory of genotype environmental effects. Child Development,54,424–435.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schachar, R., & Tannock, R. (1995). Test of four hypotheses for the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity and conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 639–648.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Serbin, L., Peters, P. L., McAffer, V. J., & Schwartzman, A. E. (1991). Childhood aggression and withdrawal as predictors of adolescent pregnancy, early parenthood, and environmental risk for the next generation. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 23, 318–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serbin, L. A., Peters, P. L., & Schwartzman, A. E. (1996). Longitudinal study of early childhood injuries and acute illnesses in the offspring of adolescent mothers who were aggressive, withdrawn, or aggressive-withdrawn in childhood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 500–507.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stiffman, A. R., Earls, F., Robins, L. N., Jung, K. G., & Kulbok, P. (1987). Adolescent sexual activity and pregnancy: Socioenvironmental problems, physical health, and mental health. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 497–509.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, C. C., Lahey, B. B., Frick, P., Frame, C. L., & Hynd, G. W. (1988). Peer social status of children with anxiety disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,56,137–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, E. H., & Cressey, D. R. (1970). Principles of criminology (6th ed.). New York: Lippincott.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay, R. E., Masse, B., Perron, D., Leblanc, M., Schwartzman, A. E., & Ledingham, J. E. (1992). Early disruptive behavior, poor school achievement, delinquent behavior, and delinquent personality: Longitudinal analyses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,60,64–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay, R. E., Masse, L. C., Vitaro, F., & Dobkin, P. L. (1995). The impact of friends’ deviant behavior on early onset of delinquency: Longitudinal data from 6 to 13 years of age. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 649–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tubman, J. G., Windle, M., & Windle, R. C. (1996). The onset and cross-temporal patterning of sexual intercourse in middle adolescence: Prospective relations with behavioral and emotional problems. Child Development, 67, 327–343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verhulst, E C., Koot, H. M., & Van der Ende, J. (1994). Differential predictive value of parents’ and teachers’ reports of children’s problem behaviors: A longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 531–546.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vuchinich, S., Bank, L., & Patterson, G. R. (1992). Parenting, peers, and the stability of antisocial behavior in preadolescent boys. Developmental Psychology, 28, 510–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waldrop, M. F., & Halverson, C. E (1975). Intensive and extensive peer behavior: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. Child Development, 46, 19–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. L., Lahey, B. B., Russo, M. E, Frick, P. J., Christ, M. A., McBurnett, K., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Green, S. M. (1991). Anxiety, inhibition, and conduct disorder in children: I. Relations to social impairment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 187–191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S., & McGee, R. (1994). Reading attainment and juvenile delinquency. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 441–459.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zakriski, A. L., & Coie, J. D. (1996). A comparison of aggressive-rejected and nonaggressive-rejected children’s interpretations of self-directed and other-directed rejection. Child Development, 67, 1048–1070.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ledingham, J.E. (1999). Children and Adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in the Community. In: Quay, H.C., Hogan, A.E. (eds) Handbook of Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4881-2_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4881-2_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7214-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4881-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics