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Inhibition of α-Synuclein Aggregation by Antioxidants and Chaperones in Parkinson’s Disease

  • Chapter
Protein Folding and Misfolding: Neurodegenerative Diseases

Part of the book series: Focus on Structural Biology ((FOSB,volume 7))

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving a loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra. A characteristic feature of the post-mortem brains of PD patients is the presence in surviving neurons of Lewy bodies, cytosolic inclusions enriched with fibrillar forms of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein. Upon prolonged incubation at physiological temperature, α-synuclein converts from a natively unfolded protein to β-sheet-rich fibrils. α-Synuclein fibrillization involves a transient buildup of ‘protofibrils’, prefibrillar oligomers that may elicit neurotoxicity by permeabilizing phospholipid membranes and/or by interfering with cellular protein clearance mechanisms. The formation of α-synuclein protofibrils is stimulated by post-translational modifications (e.g. tyrosine nitration, dopamine adduct formation, methionine oxidation) that occur readily under conditions of oxidative stress. α-Synuclein self-assembly is inhibited by the antioxidant repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A, antioxidant compounds, and various proteins with molecular chaperone activity. The upregulation of antioxidant- and chaperone-dependent mechanisms may be a reasonable therapeutic strategy for suppressing α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity in PD.

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  1. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2091, USA

    Jean-Christophe Rochet

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Rochet, JC., Liu, F. (2009). Inhibition of α-Synuclein Aggregation by Antioxidants and Chaperones in Parkinson’s Disease. In: Ovádi, J., Orosz, F. (eds) Protein Folding and Misfolding: Neurodegenerative Diseases. Focus on Structural Biology, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9434-7_8

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