Abstract
Stem cells have been envisioned to become an unlimited cell source for regenerative medicine. Notably, the interest in stem cells lies beyond direct therapeutic applications. They might also provide a previously unavailable source of valuable human cell types for screening platforms, which might facilitate the development of more efficient and safer drugs. The heterogeneity of stem cell types as well as the numerous areas of application suggests that differential processes are mandatory for their in vitro culture. Many of the envisioned applications would require the production of a high number of stem cells and their derivatives in scalable, well-defined and potentially clinical compliant manner under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP). In this review we provide an overview on recent strategies to develop bioprocesses for the expansion, differentiation and enrichment of stem cells and their progenies, presenting examples for adult and embryonic stem cells alike.
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Abbreviations
- (NOD/SCID):
-
miceNonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient
- (RWV):
-
bioreactorRotating wall vessel
- bFGF, FGF-2:
-
Basic fibroblast growth factor
- BM:
-
Bone marrow
- BMP:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein
- BMP:
-
Morphogenetic protein
- cGMP:
-
Current good manufacturing practice
- CHO:
-
Hamster ovary cells
- EBs:
-
Embryoid bodies
- ESC:
-
Embryonic stem cells
- GM-CSF:
-
Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
- hESC:
-
Human embryonic stem cell
- hNPC:
-
Neural precursor cells
- HSC:
-
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
- LIF:
-
Leukemia inhibitory factor bone
- MASC:
-
Magnetic activated cell sorting
- MI:
-
Myocardial infarction
- MSC:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells
- NSC:
-
Neural stem cells
- PB:
-
(Mobilized) Peripheral blood
- SCF:
-
Stem cell factor
- SNM`:
-
Spherical neural masses
- TGF-beta:
-
Transforming growth factor beta
- UCB:
-
Umbilical cord blood
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Acknowledgements
I thank Blaine Phillips, William Rust, Birgit Andree, Harmeet Singh, Zhou WeiZhuang (Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore) and Andre Choo (Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore) for helpful comments and a critical review of this manuscript.
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Zweigerdt, R. (2009). Large Scale Production of Stem Cells and Their Derivatives. In: Martin, U. (eds) Engineering of Stem Cells. Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology, vol 114. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2008_27
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