Abstract
It was evaluated the synergistic effects of fermented rice extracts (FRe) on the laxative and probiotic effects of yogurt in normal rats. Commercial liquid yogurt (Bulgaris™) containing 0.05%, 0.10%, and 1.0% FRe (BFRe) was administered orally to normal rats daily for 10 days. Compared with the vehicle control, the three BFRe treatments exhibited highly significant increases in fecal pellet numbers, water content, thickness of surface mucous in the colonic lumen, intestinal charcoal transit ratio, thickness of the colonic mucosa, and mucous-producing goblet cells; decreased numbers and mean diameters of fecal pellets remaining in the colonic lumen were detected compared with the vehicle control, and numbers of viable Lactobacilli in cecum contents and feces were dramatically higher than those in vehicle control rats. More favorable probiotic and laxative effects were detected in rats treated with 0.1% and 1.0% BFRe compared with equal doses of liquid yogurt or FRe alone. Therefore, appropriate concentrations of BFRe may be highly effective for alleviating constipation and provide a complementary natural approach to reducing lifestyleinduced constipation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Queralto, M., Vitton, V., Bouvier, M., Abysique, A. & Portier, G. Interferential therapy: a new treatment for slow transit constipation. A pilot study in adults. Colorectal Dis. 15, e35–e39 (2013).
Longstreth, G. F. et al. Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterol. 130, 1480–1491 (2006).
Udani, J. K. & Bloom, D. W. Effects of kivia powder on Gut health in patients with occasional constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr. J. 12, 78 (2013).
Kakino, M. et al. Laxative effects of agarwood on lowfiber diet-induced constipation in rats. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 10, 68 (2010).
Siegers, C.P., von Hertzberg-Lottin, E., Otte, M. & Schneider, B. Anthranoid laxative abuse-a risk for colorectal cancer? Gut 34, 1099–101 (1993).
Roberfroid, M. B. Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71, 1682S–1690S (2000).
Adolfsson, O., Meydani, S. N. & Russell, R.M. Yogurt and gut function. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 245–256 (2004).
Eddins, C. & Gray, M. Do probiotic or synbiotic preparations alleviate symptoms associated with constipation or irritable bowel syndrome? J. Wound. Ostomy. Continence. Nurs. 34, 615–624 (2007).
Ho, B. Y. et al. Effects of Monascus-fermented rice extract on malignant cell-associated neovascularization and intravasation determined using the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. Integr. Cancer Ther. 9, 204–212 (2010).
Lee, C. L., Kuo, T. F., Wu, C. L., Wang, J. J. & Pan, T. M. Red mold rice promotes neuroprotective sAPP alpha secretion instead of Alzheimer’s risk factors and amyloid beta expression in hyperlipidemic Abeta40-infused rats. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 58, 2230–2238 (2010).
Li, X. M., Shen, X. H., Duan, Z. W. & Guo, S. R. Advances on the pharmacological effects of red yeast rice. Chin. J. Nat. Med. 9, 161–166 (2011).
Kim, K. M., Yu, K. W., Kang, D. H. & Suh, H. J. Antistress and anti-fatigue effect of fermented rice bran. Phytother. Res. 16, 700–702 (2002).
Sindhu, S. C. & Khetarpaul, N. Effect of probiotic fermentation on antinutrients and in vitro protein and starch digestibilities of indigenously developed RWGT food mixture. Nutr. Health 16, 173–181 (2002).
Ghoneum, M. & Gollapudi, S. Synergistic role of arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) in S. cerevisiae-induced apoptosis of monolayer breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Anticancer Res. 25, 4187–4196 (2005).
Kataoka, K. et al. Inhibitory effects of fermented brown rice on induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium in rats. Dig. Dis. Sci. 53, 1601–1608 (2008).
Ogué-Bon, E. et al. In vitro fermentation of rice bran combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus 14 150B or Bifidobacterium longum 05 by the canine faecal microbiota. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 75, 365–376 (2011).
Choi, J. S. et al. Laxative effects of fermented rice extracts in loperamide-induced constipated rats. Exp. Ther. Med. in press.
Hongisto, S. M., Paajanen, L., Saxelin, M. & Korpela, R. A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 319–624 (2006).
Kokke, F. T. et al. A dietary fiber mixture versus lactulose in the treatment of childhood constipation: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 47, 592–597 (2008).
Carlsson, M., Gustafson, Y., Haglin, L. & Eriksson, S. The feasibility of serving liquid yoghurt supplemented with probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB 21, and Lactococcus lactis L1A- a pilot study among old people with dementia in a residential care facility. J. Nutr. Health Aging. 13, 813–819 (2009).
Jeon, J. R. & Choi, J. H. Lactic acid fermentation of germinated barley fiber and proliferative function of colonic epithelial cells in loperamide-induced rats. J. Med. Food. 13, 950–960 (2010).
Glia, A. & Lindberg, G. Quality of life in patients with different types of functional constipation. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 32, 1083–1089 (1997).
Spinzi, G. et al. Constipation in the Elderly: Management Strategies. Drugs Aging 26, 469–474 (2009).
Woodward, S. Assessment and management of constipation in older people. Nurs. Older People 24, 21–26 (2012).
Leng-Peschlow, E. Effect of sennosides and related compounds on intestinal transit in the rat. Pharmacology 36, 40–48 (1988).
Rumsey, R. D., Squires, P. E. & Read, N. W. In vitro effects of sennoside on contractile activity and fluid flow in the perfused large intestine of the rat. Pharmacology 47, 32–39 (1993).
Wintola, O. A., Sunmonu, T. O. & Afolayan, A. J. The effect of Aloe ferox Mill. in the treatment of loperamide-induced constipation in Wistar rats. BMC Gastroenterol. 10, 95 (2010).
Wu, D. et al. Traditional Chinese formula, lubricating gut pill, stimulates cAMP-dependent Cl(-) secretion across rat distal colonic mucosa. J. Ethnopharmacol. 134, 406–413 (2011).
Yang, Z. H. et al. Cellular mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of flavonol naringenin on rat constipation model. PLoS One. 3, e3348 (2008).
Lee, J. K., Cho, H. R., Kim, K. Y., Sohn, J. H. & Choi, J. S. Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp. growth stimulating effects of fermented rice extract (FRe). Food Sci. Technol. Res. 20, 479–483 (2014).
Sagar, L., Sehgal, R. & Ojha, S. Evaluation of antimotility effect of Lantana camara L. var. acuelata onstituents on neostigmine induced gastrointestinal transit in mice. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 5, 18 (2005).
Méité, S. et al. Laxative activities of Mareya micrantha (Benth.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) leaf aqueous extract in rats. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 10, 7 (2010).
McCullogh, J. S., Ratcliffe, B., Mandir, N., Carr, K. E. & Goodlad, R. A. Dietary fibre and intestinal microflora: effects on intestinal morphometry and crypt branching. Gut 42, 799–806 (1998).
Choi, J. S., Kim, J. W., Kim, K. Y., Ku, S. K. & Sohn, J. H. Single oral dose toxicity test of fermented rice extracts (FRe)-14 days observation. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 27, 129–137 (2014).
Mitsuoka, T., Morishita, Y., Terada, A. & Yamamoto, S. A simple method (“plate-in-bottle method”) for the cultivation of fastidious anaerobes. Jpn. J. Microbiol. 13, 383–385 (1969).
Mitsuoka, T., Ohno, K., Benno, Y., Suzuki, K. & Namba, K. The fecal flora of man. IV. Communication: Comparison of the newly developed method with the old conventional method for the analysis of intestinal flora. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Orig. A. 234, 219–233 (1976).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, JK., Kim, J.W., Kim, KY. et al. Synergistic laxative effect of fermented rice extracts with probiotic-containing yogurt in normal rats. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci. 6, 87–98 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-014-0192-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-014-0192-y