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Role of Nitric Oxide Synthases in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review on the Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Polyphenols

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Abstract

Natural polyphenols can exert protective action on a number of pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders. The neuroprotective effects of many polyphenols rely on their ability to permeate brain barrier and here directly scavenge pathological concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and chelate transition metal ions. Importantly, polyphenols modulate neuroinflammation by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory genes and the level of intracellular antioxidants. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by several abnormalities including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron accumulation and oxidative stress. There is considerable evidence showing that cellular oxidative damage occurring in PD might result also from the actions of altered production of nitric oxide (NO). Indeed, high levels of neuronal and inducible NO synthase (NOS) were found in substantia nigra of patients and animal models of PD. Here, we evaluate the involvement of NOS/NO in PD and explore the neuroprotective activity of natural polyphenol compounds in terms of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by Ministero della Salute, MIUR and FIRB “Idee Progettuali”. We thank Dr. Giovanni Auricchio for his advice in the matter of PD inflammatory processes and helpful critical reading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Katia Aquilano, Sara Baldelli, Giuseppe Rotilio & Maria Rosa Ciriolo

  2. Research Center IRCCS San Raffaele, Via dei Bonacolsi, 00165, Rome, Italy

    Katia Aquilano, Giuseppe Rotilio & Maria Rosa Ciriolo

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  1. Katia Aquilano
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  2. Sara Baldelli
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  3. Giuseppe Rotilio
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  4. Maria Rosa Ciriolo
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Correspondence to Maria Rosa Ciriolo.

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Special issue article in honor of Dr. Anna Maria Giuffrida-Stella.

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Aquilano, K., Baldelli, S., Rotilio, G. et al. Role of Nitric Oxide Synthases in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review on the Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Polyphenols. Neurochem Res 33, 2416–2426 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9697-6

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