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Head and Neck Manifestations of Paracoccidioidomycosis: An Epidemiological Study of 36 Cases in Brazil

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Abstract

Background

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is the principal systemic mycosis in Brazil, with higher incidence rates in the southern, southeastern, and midwestern regions. It primarily involves the lungs, but head and neck manifestations are common, and differential diagnosis with granulomatous and neoplastic diseases should therefore be considered.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of paracoccidioidomycosis cases with head and neck manifestations in southern Brazil over a 10-year period, from 1998 to 2008.

Results

A total of 36 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis were confirmed by histopathological examination, fungal investigation, or culture. Most cases consisted of men with smoking and/or chronic drinking habits and with poor hygiene and nutrition.

Conclusions

Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic to southern Brazil. Most cases with mucocutaneous manifestations affect the head and neck region. Given that risk factors and clinical manifestations are similar to those of head and neck carcinomas, a differential diagnosis has to be done.

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Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Santa Rita Hospital, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Avenida Independência, 354/901, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-070, Brazil

    F. M. Girardi

  2. Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Vasco da Gama, 176, 604, Porto Alegre, RS, 90420-111, Brazil

    M. L. Scroferneker

  3. Department of Surgical Oncology, Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    V. Gava & R. Pruinelli

Authors
  1. F. M. Girardi
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  2. M. L. Scroferneker
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  3. V. Gava
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  4. R. Pruinelli
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to F. M. Girardi or M. L. Scroferneker.

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Girardi, F.M., Scroferneker, M.L., Gava, V. et al. Head and Neck Manifestations of Paracoccidioidomycosis: An Epidemiological Study of 36 Cases in Brazil. Mycopathologia 173, 139–144 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-011-9488-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-011-9488-5

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