Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Toothbrush Contamination by Candida spp. and Efficacy of Mouthrinse Spray for Their Disinfection

  • Published:
Mycopathologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate toothbrush contamination in vivo by Candida spp. and the efficacy of Periogard® and Neem Sattiva®, in spray, in the disinfection of these toothbrushes. This study was performed in three phases in which mouthrinses and sterile distilled water (control group) were sprayed six times on toothbrush bristles used by 61 university students. Toothbrushes were then submitted to microbiological processing for the isolation and identification of Candida species. Fifty-nine students completed the three phases of this study, and 22 (37.3%) control group toothbrushes presented growth of Candida species. Periogard® and Neem Sattiva® eliminated growth of Candida spp. in 48.1 and 7.4% of toothbrushes, respectively. Contamination by Candida spp. was observed on various toothbrushes of the control group. Periogard® was more efficacious than Neem Sattiva® in eliminating growth of Candida spp. on the toothbrush bristles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Budtz-Jörgensen E. Etiology, pathogenesis, therapy, and prophylaxis of oral yeast infections. Acta Odontol Scand. 1990;48:61–9. doi:10.3109/00016359009012735.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Glass RT, Lare MM. Toothbrush contamination: a potential health risk? Quintessence Int. 1986;17:39–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Marcano C. El cepillo de dientes en la ecologia de Candida albicans. Mycopathologia. 1981;74:135–41. doi:10.1007/BF00437155.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wetzel W, Schaumburg C, Ansari F, Kroeger T, Sziegoleit A. Microbial contamination of toothbrushes with different principles of filament anchoring. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005;136:758–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Cobb CM. Toothbrush as a cause of repeated infections of the mouth. Boston Med Surg J. 1920;183:263–4.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Nelson-Filho P, Faria G, da Silva RA, Rossi MA, Ito IY. Evaluation of the contamination and disinfection methods of toothbrushes used by 24- to 48-month-old children. J Dent Child. 2006;73:152–8.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Addy M. Chlorhexidine compared with other locally delivered antimicrobials: a short review. J Clin Periodontol. 1986;13:957–64. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01434.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bahna P, Hanna HA, Dvorak T, Vaporciyan A, Chambers M, Raad I. Antiseptic effect of a novel alcohol-free mouthwash: a convenient prophylactic alternative for high-risk patients. Oral Oncol. 2007;43:159–64. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.02.002.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Théraud M, Bédouin Y, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP. Efficacy of antiseptics and disinfectants on clinical and environmental yeast isolates in planktonic and biofilm conditions. J Med Microbiol. 2004;53:1013–8. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.05474-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Brahmachari G. Neem—an omnipotent plant: a retrospection. Chembiochem. 2004;5:408–21. doi:10.1002/cbic.200300749.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pai MR, Acharya LD, Udupa N. Evaluation of antiplaque activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract gel—a 6 week clinical study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;90:99–103. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.035.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Subapriya R, Nagini S. Medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents. 2005;5:149–56. doi:10.2174/1568011053174828.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Mossini SAG, Oliveira KP, Kemmelmeier C. Inhibition of patulin production by Penicillium expansum cultured with neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts. J Basic Microbiol. 2004;44:106–13. doi:10.1002/jobm.200310332.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. SaiRam M, Ilavazhagan G, Sharma SK, Dhanraj SA, Suresh B, Parida MM, et al. Anti-microbial activity of a new vaginal contraceptive NIM-76 from neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71:377–82. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00211-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Sena NT, Gomes BPFA, Vianna ME, Berber VB, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against selected single-species biofilms. Int Endod J. 2006;39:878–85. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01161.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Micologia Médica à luz de autores contemporâneos. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Taji SS, Rogers AH. The microbial contamination of toothbrushes: a pilot study. Aust Dent J. 1998;43:128–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kleinegger CL, Lockhart SR, Vargas K, Soll DR. Frequency, intensity, species, and strains of oral Candida vary as a function of host age. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34:2246–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Barasch A, Safford MM, Dapkute-Marcus I, Fine DH. Efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate rinse for treatment and prevention of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected children: a pilot study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;97:204–7. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.09.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Sato S, Pedrazzi V, Lara EHG, Panzeri H, Albuquerque Júnior RF, Ito IY. Antimicrobial spray for toothbrush disinfection: an in vivo evaluation. Quintessence Int. 2005;36:812–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nelson-Filho P, Macari S, Faria G, Assed S, Ito IY. Microbial contamination of toothbrushes and their decontamination. Pediatr Dent. 2000;22:381–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Agarwal V, Lal P, Pruthi V. Prevention of Candida albicans biofilm by plant oils. Mycopathologia. 2008;165:13–9. doi:10.1007/s11046-007-9077-9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bruschi ML, Lara EHG, Martins CHG, Vinholis AHC, Casemiro LA, Panzeri H, et al. Preparation and antimicrobial activity of gelatin microparticles containing propolis against oral pathogens. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2006;32:229–38. doi:10.1080/03639040500466312.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Oliveira ACP, Shinobu CS, Longhini R, Franco SL, Svidzinski TIE. Antifungal activity of propolis extract against yeasts isolated from onychomycosis lesions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006;101:493–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Barão do Amazonas, no 1167, ap. 123, Centro, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14010-120, Brazil

    Andresa Piacezzi Nascimento

  2. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil

    Evandro Watanabe

  3. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Izabel Yoko Ito

Authors
  1. Andresa Piacezzi Nascimento
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Evandro Watanabe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Izabel Yoko Ito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andresa Piacezzi Nascimento.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nascimento, A.P., Watanabe, E. & Ito, I.Y. Toothbrush Contamination by Candida spp. and Efficacy of Mouthrinse Spray for Their Disinfection. Mycopathologia 169, 133–138 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-009-9239-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-009-9239-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation