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The Native American Adolescent: Social Network Structure and Perceptions of Alcohol Induced Social Problems

  • Empirical Research
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Abstract

Race/ethnicity and the structure of an adolescent’s social network are both important factors in the etiology of delinquent behavior. Yet, much of the minority-group delinquency literature overlooks the Native American youth population that traditionally exhibits high rates of alcohol use and abuse. Utilizing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we compare the structural characteristics of school-based friendship networks of American Indian youth and other racial/ethnic groups. Our core sample for the descriptive analysis consists of 70,841 youth (Caucasian = 42,096; Black = 13,554; Asian = 4,758; Hispanic = 4,464; American Indian = 3,426; Other = 2,543; Female = 50 %). We find that Native American youth generally occupy similar social positions within school hierarchies compared to other minority groups. However, American Indian youth have fewer ties at the school level than Caucasian youth, including reports of fewer reciprocated friendships, a smaller number of in-school friends, and membership in less cohesive personal networks. We also focus on the detrimental social and physical consequences of alcohol use during adolescence and offer an extended consequences model (n = 5,841) that includes the interactive effects of race/ethnicity, age, and drinking influences on relationships with friends (Caucasian = 59 %; Black = 19 %; Asian = 7 %; Hispanic = 7 %; American Indian = 5 %; Other = 3 %; Female = 54 %). American Indian youth are no more likely than other youth to report personal drinking as being detrimental to social relationships with parents, peers, and romantic partners. We address ties between our findings and criminal justice policies and practices, as well as the implications for similar network analyses involving other racial/ethnic groups.

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Acknowledgments

This research uses data from Add Health, a program project directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris and designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and funded by Grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Special acknowledgment is due Ronald R. Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Information on how to obtain the Add Health data files is available on the Add Health website (http://www.cpc.unc.edu/addhealth). No direct support was received from Grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis.

Author Contributions

CR conceived of the study, performed the statistical analysis, and participated in drafting the manuscript; AF & LTW participated in the interpretation of the data and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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  1. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Carter Rees & L. Thomas Winfree Jr.

  2. Department of Criminal Justice, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA

    Adrienne Freng

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  1. Carter Rees
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  3. L. Thomas Winfree Jr.
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Correspondence to Carter Rees.

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Rees, C., Freng, A. & Winfree, L.T. The Native American Adolescent: Social Network Structure and Perceptions of Alcohol Induced Social Problems. J Youth Adolescence 43, 405–425 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0018-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0018-2

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