Abstract
The increasing use of family planning methods seems to be the intermediate determinant which mostly influences the fertility decline in developing countries, and in particular in those countries which are in an advanced phase of demographic transition such as Egypt. Moreover large countries, like Egypt, are characterized by very different geographical realities and even by strong regional heterogeneities. The aim of this study is the analysis of the determinants of contraceptive use in Egypt, with particular reference to the differentials due to the socio-economic context and to the area of residence. To estimate each individual and regional factors’ effect on contraceptive use, a logistic two-level random intercept model is fitted to EDHS 2000 data; the use of a multilevel analysis is suggested by the two-level data structure: the first level units are the women, the second level units are their regions of residence.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angeli A, Del Panta L (1990) Politiche demografiche. In: Livi Bacci M. Veronesi Martuzzi F (eds) Le risorse umane del Mediterraneo. Popolazione e società al crocevia tra Nord e Sud. Il Mulino, Bologna
Angeli A, Rampichini C, Salvini S (1996) La contraccezione in Brasile Analisi attraverso un modello a componenti di varianza, WP no. 60. Department of Statistics “G. Parenti”, University of Florence, Florence
Beamish J, Tazi Abderrazik T (2003) Adolescent and youth reproductive health in Morocco. Status, issues, policies and programs, policy project. http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/countryreports/ARH_Morocco.pdf
Bongaarts J (1978) A framework for analyzing the proximate determinants of fertility. Popul Dev Rev, 4/1
Bongaarts J (1993) The fertility impact of family planning programs. In: Research division working paper, 47
Bryk AS, Raudenbush SW (2002) Hierarchical linear models: applications and data analysis methods. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Bulatao R, Lee R (1983) Determinants of fertility in developing countries. Academic Press, New York
Chiandotto B, Giusti C (2005) L’abbandono degli Studi Universitari. In: Modelli statistici per l’analisi della transizione università-lavoro. Cleup, Padova
Chiandotto B, Bacci S, Bertaccini B (2004) I Laureati e Diplomati dell’Ateneo Fiorentino dell’Anno 2000: Profilo e Sbocchi Professionali. Collana ValMon no. 4, Università degli Studi di Firenze
CIA http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/eg.html (last update 20 April 2005)
Courbage (2002) New demographic scenarios in the Mediterranean Region. INED, Parigi
DHS http://www.measuredhs.com (last update 30 May 2005)
Donahoe D (1999) Measuring women’s work in developing countries. Popul Dev Rev
Eltigani EE (2001) Childbearing in five Arab countries. Stud Fam Plann vol.32 n.1 p. 17–24
El-Gibaly O, Lee SM (2003) Married adolescent girls in Egypt. Problem dimension& policy applications. Population council. http://www.gatesinstitute.jhsph.edu/whatsnew/presentations/tunis2003/oel-gibaly.pdf
El-Zanaty F, Way A (2001) Egypt demographic and health survey 2000. Ministry of health and population [Egypt]. National population council and ORC Macro, Calverton Maryland
El-Zanaty F, Way A (2004) 2003 Egypt interim demographic and health survey. Ministry of Health and Population [Egypt]. National population council and ORC Macro, Cairo
Engelhardt H (2004) Egypt’s stalled fertility decline and possible role of tempo distortions. In: Lutz W (ed) Population network newsletter no. 36
Entwisle B, Mason WM, Hermalin AI (1986) The multilevel dependence of contraceptive use on socioeconomic development and family planning program strength. Demography 23:199–216
Fargues P (1997) State policies and the birth rate in Egypt: from socialism to liberalism. Popul Dev Rev 23:115–138
Fargues P (2003) La femme dans les pays arabes: vers une remise en cause du système patriarcal?. In: Population& Sociétés no. 387. http://www.ined.fr/publications/pop_et_soc/pes387/387.pdf
Farina P (2001) La rivoluzione silenziosa. Evoluzione demografica e tendenze future del continente asiatico. Serie sull’Asia orientale curata da Enrica Collotti Pischel. Franco Angeli, Milano
Giusti C (2004) L’abbandono degli studi nell’Ateneo fiorentino: evoluzione nel periodo 1980–2000 ed applicazione di un modello gerarchico non lineare agli immatricolati nell’a.a. 2001/02. Tesi di Laurea, Università degli Studi di Firenze
Giusti C, Vignoli D (2005) Ricorso alla contraccezione in Egitto: tra scelte individuali ed eterogeneita’ regionali. Florence University Press, Firenze http://www.ds.unifi. it/ricerca/pubblicazioni/working_papers/2005/wp2005_14.pdf
Goldstein H (1991) Nonlinear multilevel models, with an application to discrete response data. Biometrika 78:45–51
Goldstein H (1995) Multilevel statistical models. Edward Arnold, London. http://www.ioe.ac.uk/ hgpersonal
Heck RH, Thomas SL (2000) An introduction to multilevel modeling techniques. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah (New Jersey), London
Hox JJ (2002) Multilevel analysis: techniques and applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah (New Jersey), London
ICE http://www.ice.gov.it (last update 12 May 2005)
Lariccia F (2003) Determinanti del bisogno di contraccezione non soddisfatto in Costa D’Avorio. Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Facoltà di Statistica. Dissertation in demography
Lesthaeghe R, Vanderhoeft C (1998) Une conceptualisation des transitions vers de nouvelles formes de comportements. In: Social dynamics of fertility change in developing countries, 29–30 Jan 1998, National academy of sciences Washington
Locoh T (1988) L’analyse comparative de la taille et de le structure des ménages. IUSSP African population conference. Dakar, 7–12 Nov 1988, vol. 2, Liège
Mencarini L, Salvini S (2003) Mediterranean fertility: toward a South–North convergence?. In: Popolazione e Storia 2, Udine
Mencarini L, Salvini S, Vignoli D (2006) Mediterranean fertility: similarities and differences between the two shores. In: Espaces et Temps de l’Europe. Mediterranean Europe. Florence, 2004 (forthcoming)
Mencarini L, Salvini S, Vignoli D (2005) La fecondità nella Riva Sud del Mediterraneo: realtà urbana e rurale a confronto. Florence University Press, Firenze. http://e-prints.unifi.it/archive/00000815
Mensch BS, Ibrahim BL, Lee SM, El-Gibaly O (2003) Gender-role attitudes among Egyptian adolescents. Stud Fam Plann 34(1):8–18
Pace G (ed) (2003) Economie Mediterranee – Rapporto 2003 In: Economia e Storia delle Società Mediterranee 3. Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli
Rodrigez G, Goldman N (1995) An assessment of estimation procedures for multilevel models with binary responses. J R Stat Soc Ser A:75–79
Rutstein SO, Johnson K (2004) The DHS wealth index. DHS comparative reports n. 6, Measure DHS+, ORC Macro, Calverton
Salvini S (1997) Contraccezione e pianificazione familiare. Trasformazioni sociali e controllo della popolazione nei paesi in via di sviluppo. Il Mulino, Bologna
SAS Institute Inc. (1999) SAS/STAT® user’s guide, version 8. SAS institute inc., Cary NC
Snjiders T, Bosker R (1999) An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. Sage, London
United Nations (2003) World population prospects: the 2002 revision. vol. 1, New York
US Census Bureau, http://www.census.gov/ipc/idbprint.html (last update 30 September 2004)
White JM, Tagoe E, Stiff C, Adazu K, Smith D (2002) Urbanization and fertility transition in Ghana. http://www.brown. edu/Departments/Sociology/faculty/white/articles/urbanization_and_the _fertility_transition_in_ghana.pdf
Wong GY, Mason WM (1985) The hierarchical logistic regression model for multilevel analysis. J Am Stat Assoc
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Giusti, C., Vignoli, D. Determinants of Contraceptive Use in Egypt: A Multilevel Approach. JISS 15, 89–106 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10260-006-0010-z
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10260-006-0010-z