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Prehospital pediatric emergencies in Austrian helicopter emergency medical service – a nationwide, population-based cohort study

Kindernotfälle in der Luftrettung – eine epidemiologische Studie zur Versorgung in Österreich

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Zusammenfassung

FRAGESTELLUNG: Kindernotfälle stellen im Notarztdienst eine große Herausforderung dar. Bislang gibt es nur wenige epidemiologische Daten zu Kindernotfällen in der Flugrettung. Daher war das Ziel, die Einsatzcharakteristika von Kindernotfällen in verschiedenen Einsatzregionen zu analysieren, die in ganz Österreich von der Christophorus Flugrettung versorgt werden. METHODIK: Es wurde eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie durchgeführt und alle Kinder unter 15 Jahren inkludiert, die im Untersuchungszeitraum (Januar 2006–Juni 2007) von der Christophorus Flugrettung versorgt wurden. RESULTATE: Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden von insgesamt 26.850 Einsätzen 2207 (8,2 %) Kinder primär versorgt. Insgesamt waren 1543 Kinder (69,9 %) nicht lebensbedrohlich erkrankt oder verletzt. Die Rate an schwerwiegenden Kindernotfällen war im städtischen Einsatzgebiet (45,2 %) höher als im ländlichen (38,2 %) oder alpinen Gelände (20,3 %). Die häufigste Notfallkategorie waren Unfälle; die Häufigkeit von Verletzungen lag im ländlichen Bereich bei 54,2 % (582/1074), im städtischen Einsatzgebiet bei 60,3 % (44/73) und im alpinen Gelände bei 91,4 % (969/1060). Die häufigsten Einzeldiagnosen waren Frakturen (34,9 %; 557/1595) und Schädel-Hirn-Traumata (26,3 %; 419/1595). 82 (3,7 %) Kinder wurden prähospital intubiert, 42 (1,9 %) wurden aufgrund eines Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands reanimiert und 19 (0,9 %) erhielten einen intraossären Zugang. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Die epidemiologischen Charakteristika von Kindernotfällen in der österreichischen Luftrettung unterscheiden sich im städtischen, ländlichen und alpinen Einsatzgebiet. Aufgrund der fehlenden Erfahrung mit Kindernotfällen sind konsequente Aus- und Weiterbildung der Flugrettungsteams in erweiterten Notfalltechniken und in der Traumaversorgung von Kindern entscheidend.

Summary

INTRODUCTION: Arguably, the most challenging emergencies encountered by emergency medical service crews involve children. Because only scant data exist about the epidemiology of pediatric emergencies in helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) on a population level, we sought to determine the epidemiological characteristics stratified by responding area in a large nationwide sample. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study including all pediatric patients (0–14 years of age) who were treated by HEMS in Austria from January 2006 to June 2007 (18 months). RESULTS: Pediatric emergencies accounted for 2207 (8.2%) of a total of 26.850 helicopter rescue missions. Of those, 69.9% (n = 1543) were not involved in life-threatening emergencies. The rate of critical pediatric emergencies was higher in urban than in rural or alpine environment (45.2%, 38.2% and 20.3%, respectively). The most common chief complaint was trauma; the frequency of injuries ranged from 54.2% (582/1074) in rural area and 60.3% (44/73) in urban area to 91.4% (969/1060) in alpine environment. Fracture and head trauma (34.9%; 557/1595 and 26.3%; 419/1595, respectively) were the most common injuries. Advanced life support measures like tracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and intraosseous access were rarely performed (3.7%; n = 82, 1.9%; n = 42 and 0.9%; n = 19, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric emergencies in Austrian HEMS show different epidemiological characteristics in alpine, urban and rural operational environments. Because of challenges and infrequency of prehospital pediatric emergencies, HEMS crews need to maintain their skills in pediatric advanced life support and trauma care.

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Correspondence to Peter Nagele.

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Selig, H., Trimmel, H., Voelckel, W. et al. Prehospital pediatric emergencies in Austrian helicopter emergency medical service – a nationwide, population-based cohort study. Wien Klin Wochenschr 123, 552–558 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0006-z

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