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Subcutaneous adipose tissue topography and metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome

Subkutane Fett Topographie und metabolische Störungen beim Polyzystischen Ovar Syndrom

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Zusammenfassung

HINTERGRUND: Das Polyzystische Ovar Syndrom (PCOS) ist die häufigste Endokrinopathie bei fertilen Frauen, wobei die zentrale Form der Adipositas ein bedeutender Faktor in der zugrundeliegenden Pathophysiologie ist. Wenig ist bekannt über die Rolle des subkutanen Fettgewebes ("subcutaneous adipose tissue", SAT). Ziel dieser Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob es einen Zusammenhang zwischen SAT Topographie und Insulinresistenz, Glucosetoleranz und metabolischen Parametern beim PCOS gibt. METHODEN: 36 Frauen mit PCOS (16–41 Jahre) und 87 gesunde Frauen (20–34 Jahre) wurden untersucht. Messungen des SAT mittels Lipometer, metabolische und hormonelle Parameter, orale Glucosetoleranztests und Hirsutismus-Scores wurden analysiert. Die Insulinresistenz wurde mittels HOMA-Index ("homeostasis model assessment") errechnet. ERGEBNISSE: Zentral gelegene SAT Messpunkte korrelierten signifikant positiv mit dem HOMA-Index, periphere Messpunkte waren negativ korreliert. Eine multiple Regressionsanalyse zeigte eine positive Assoziation zwischen HOMA-Index und den Messpunkten "unterer Bauch" und "oberer Rücken". Der Messpunkt "Hüfte" war negativ mit dem HOMA-Index assoziiert. Bei übergewichtig/adipösen PCOS-Patientinnen waren die Messpunkte "unterer Bauch" und "oberer Rücken" signifikant positiv mit der Insulinresistenz korreliert, während bei normalgewichtigen Frauen mit PCOS keine signifikante Korrelation mit der SAT-Topographie gefunden wurde. Weiters hatten PCOS-Frauen mit gestörter Glucosetoleranz signifikant mehr zentrales und weniger peripheres Fettgewebe verglichen mit PCOS-Frauen mit normaler Glukosetoleranz. Dickere zentrale SAT-Schichten waren überdies mit einem ungünstigen Serumlipidprofil assoziiert, während umgekehrt vermehrtes Fettgewebe an den Beinen positiv mit HDL-Cholesterin korrelierte. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Bei Frauen mit PCOS scheinen dickere zentral gelegene subkutane Fettgewebs-Schichten mit Insulinresistenz, gestörter Glukosetoleranz und einem ungünstigen Serumlipidprofil assoziiert zu sein. Vermehrtes Fettgewebe an den Beinen scheint bei Frauen mit PCOS nicht mit metabolischen Veränderungen einherzugehen.

Summary

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Central obesity plays a major role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. However, there is little information on the impact of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) on metabolic disturbances in PCOS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SAT topography influences insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. METHODS: 36 women aged 16–41 years with PCOS and 87 healthy women aged 20–34 years were examined using lipometry, metabolic and hormonal measurements, oral glucose tolerance tests, hirsutism scores, and questionnaires. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index was used for determination of insulin resistance. RESULTS: SAT measurement points on the trunk showed significant positive correlation with the HOMA index. A negative correlation between calf SAT and the HOMA index was seen. Multiple regression analysis detected a positive association between the HOMA index and lower-abdomen SAT and upper-back SAT, whereas hip SAT showed a negative association with the HOMA index. In overweight/obese patients with PCOS, lower-abdomen and upper-back SAT showed significant positive correlations with insulin resistance. There was no correlation of SAT topography with insulin resistance in lean women with PCOS. Compared with PCOS women with normal glucose tolerance, patients with glucose intolerance had significantly increased trunk obesity and decreased leg fat. Increased SAT layers on the trunk were related to an unfavorable serum lipid profile, whereas increased leg fat correlated positively with HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Increased SAT layers on the trunk are associated with insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and an unfavorable lipid profile in women suffering from PCOS. Increased thickness of leg SAT emerges as being protective against metabolic disturbances in PCOS.

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Correspondence to Elisabeth Wehr.

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Wehr, E., Möller, R., Horejsi, R. et al. Subcutaneous adipose tissue topography and metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome. Wien Klin Wochenschr 121, 262–269 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1162-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1162-2

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