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Redox imbalance

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Abstract

Substantial evidence implies that redox imbalance attributable to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species that overwhelm the protective defense mechanism of cells contributes to all forms of Parkinson’s disease. Factors such as dopamine, neuromelanin, and transition metals may, under certain circumstances, contribute to the formation of oxygen species such as H2O2, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals and react with reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide or peroxinitrite. Mitochodrial dysfunction and excitotoxicity may be a cause and a result of oxidative stress. Consequences of this redox imbalance are lipid peroxidation, oxidation of proteins, DNA damage, and interference of reactive oxygen species with signal transduction pathways. These consequences become even more harmful when genetic variations impair the normal degradation of altered proteins. Therefore, therapeutic strategies must aim at reducing free-radical formation and scavenging free-radicals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Medical Genetics, University of Tuebingen and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Daniela Berg

  2. Technion—Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Haifa, Israel

    Moussa B. H. Youdim

  3. Department of Clinical Neurochemistry, Clinic and Polyclinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Peter Riederer

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  1. Daniela Berg
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  2. Moussa B. H. Youdim
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  3. Peter Riederer
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Correspondence to Daniela Berg.

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Berg, D., Youdim, M.B.H. & Riederer, P. Redox imbalance. Cell Tissue Res 318, 201–213 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-004-0976-5

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