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Inhibition of histone deacetylation alters Arabidopsis root growth in response to auxin via PIN1 degradation

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Abstract

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Our results showed the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) control root development in Arabidopsis via regulation of PIN1 degradation.

Abstract

Epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in the expression of many genes in response to exogenous or endogenous signals in plants as well as other organisms. One of epigenetic mechanisms is modifications of histone, such as acetylation and deacetylation, are catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), respectively. The Arabidopsis HDACs, HDA6, and HDA19, were reported to function in physiological processes, including embryo development, abiotic stress response, and flowering. In this study, we demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) inhibit primary root elongation and lateral root emergence. In response to HDIs treatment, the PIN1 protein was almost abolished in the root tip. However, the PIN1 gene did not show decreased expression in the presence of HDIs, whereas IAA genes exhibited increases in transcript levels. In contrast, we observed a stable level of gene expression of stress markers (KIN1 and COR15A) and a cell division marker (CYCB1). Taken together, these results suggest that epigenetic regulation may control auxin-mediated root development through the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of PIN1 protein.

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Abbreviations

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

CYCB1:

Cyclin B1

DAB:

Diaminobenzidine

GUS:

β-Glucuronidase

HAT:

Histone acetyltransferase

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

HDIs:

Histone deacetylase inhibitors

LR:

Lateral root

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NaB:

Sodium butyrate

NPA:

Naphthylphthalamic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TSA:

Trichostatin A

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank to Dr. Kequiang Wu (National Taiwan University) for donating hda19 seeds. This work was supported by a grant from the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (to Hojoung Lee, 2012; Grant #2012-112068-3) and by a grant from the National Research Foundation (to Suk-Whan Hong; Grant #2012R1A1A4A01006448).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, 5-ka Anam-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea

    Hoai Nguyen Nguyen, Jun Hyeok Kim, Chan Young Jeong & Hojoung Lee

  2. Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea

    Hoai Nguyen Nguyen & Jun Hyeok Kim

  3. Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

    Suk-Whan Hong

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  1. Hoai Nguyen Nguyen
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  2. Jun Hyeok Kim
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  3. Chan Young Jeong
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  4. Suk-Whan Hong
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  5. Hojoung Lee
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hojoung Lee.

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Communicated by Y.-I. Park.

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Table S1 List of primers used in this work (PNG 16 kb)

299_2013_1474_MOESM2_ESM.png

Fig. S1 The hda19 knock-out mutant indicated retarded lateral root development. a The Arabidopsis wild-type and hda19 seedlings were grown on 1/2× MS medium for 15 days. b The relative index of lateral root number per primary root length (mm) was determined. The experiment was repeated three times (n = 10). One-way ANOVA (Duncan’s test; p < 0.05) was performed to determine significant differences in this index between Col-0 and hda19 mutant. The letters were marked above the column to reflect significant differences. Vertical bars show the standard error (n = 30) (PNG 292 kb)

299_2013_1474_MOESM3_ESM.png

Fig. S2 The response of hda19 knock-out mutant to exogenous auxin. Five-day-old Arabidopsis wild-type and hda19 seedlings were transferred to 1/2× MS medium supplemented with the indicated concentration of IAA for 10 days. The abnormal root structures were observed in hda19 growing on medium containing 5 μM of IAA. The red arrows indicate emergence of the swollen area in hda19 root on IAA medium. In addition, 5-day-old Arabidopsis wild-type seedlings were also transferred to 1/2× MS medium supplemented with indicated concentrations of NaB or TSA in combination with IAA for 10 days. The red arrows indicate emergence of swollen areas in root. The experiment was repeated three times (n = 10) (PNG 836 kb)

299_2013_1474_MOESM4_ESM.png

Fig. S3 PIN1 localization in the lateral root emergence area. Five-day-old Arabidopsis wild-type seedlings harboring the PIN1:GFP construct were transferred to 1/2× MS medium supplemented with indicated concentration of IAA alone or in combination with NPA for 4 days. The PIN1:GFP signal was visualized using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The experiment was repeated three times (n = 10). Bar = 50 μm (PNG 121 kb)

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Nguyen, H.N., Kim, J.H., Jeong, C.Y. et al. Inhibition of histone deacetylation alters Arabidopsis root growth in response to auxin via PIN1 degradation. Plant Cell Rep 32, 1625–1636 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-013-1474-6

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