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Einfluss der Blutleere auf den perioperativen Blutverlust nach Knietotalendoprothesenimplantation

Influence of tourniquet ischemia on perioperative blood loss after total knee arthroplasty

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Zusammenfassung

In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte der Effekt der Blutleere mittels Tourniquet mit bis zum Wundverschluss konstantem Inflationsdruck auf den perioperativen Blutverlust beim endoprothetischen Kniegelenkersatz an einem für eine statistisch relevante Aussage hinreichend großen Patientenkollektiv untersucht werden. In diese retrospektive Fall-Kontroll-Studie wurden 547 Patienten eingeschlossen, die einen endoprothetischen Ersatz des Kniegelenks bei Gonarthrose erhalten hatten. Von diesen waren 262 in Blutleere (300 mmHg) und 285 ohne Tourniquet konsekutiv operiert worden. Der perioperative Blutverlust wurde über die Körpergröße, das Körpergewicht sowie den Hämatokritwert vor und nach der Operation berechnet.

Die Patientenkollektive waren hinsichtlich Durchschnittsalter, Geschlechtsverteilung und Klassifikation der American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) vergleichbar. In der Gruppe, die in Blutleere operiert worden war, erhielten 24 Patienten (9,2%) und in der Gruppe ohne Tourniquet 36 Patienten (12,6%) eine Bluttransfusion (nicht signifikant). Der perioperative Blutverlust ohne Tourniquet betrug 1,5±0,6 (−0,2 bis 4,3 l). Im Gegensatz dazu hatten die Patienten, die in Blutleere operiert worden waren, nur 1,2±0,5 (−0,2 bis 3,4 l) Blut verloren (p <0,001).

Die Verwendung eines Tourniquets reduziert den Blutverlust bei Implantation einer Knietotalendoprothese, wenn die Blutleere nicht zur Blutstillung während der Operation eröffnet wird.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tourniquet use with constant pressure until wound closure on perioperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Sufficient patients were included in the study to produce statistically relevant conclusions. In this retrospective case control study 547 patients who were treated with TKA because of osteoarthritis of the knee joint were included and of these 262 patients were operated with the use of a tourniquet (300 mmHg) and 285 without. The perioperative blood loss was calculated using patient height, body weight and preoperative and postoperative hematocrit values.

The patient collectives were comparable in mean age, gender distribution and ASA classification. In the group with an operation using a tourniquet, 24 patients (9.2%) received erythrocyte transfusions compared to 36 patients (12.6%) in the group without tourniquet use (not significant). The average perioperative blood loss without tourniquet use was 1.5±0.6 l (range −0.2 to 4.3 l). In contrast patients treated with the use of a tourniquet lost on average only 1.2±0.5 l (range −0.2 to 3.4 l) (p<0.001).

The use of a tourniquet reduces the perioperative blood loss in TKA if it is kept tight during the operation.

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Matziolis, D., Perka, C., Hube, R. et al. Einfluss der Blutleere auf den perioperativen Blutverlust nach Knietotalendoprothesenimplantation. Orthopäde 40, 178–182 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-010-1727-9

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