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Adipositas und Krebs

Obesity and cancer

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Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz der Adipositas nimmt in alarmierendem Ausmaß zu. Gesundheitliche wie ökonomische Konsequenzen sind bedeutsam, da Adipositas mit zahlreichen Erkrankungen assoziiert ist. Umfangreiche prospektive Studien zeigen, dass Adipositas auch mit mehreren Krebsarten signifikant assoziiert ist. Die IARC der WHO hält die Beweise hinsichtlich des kausalen Zusammenhanges von Übergewicht und Karzinomen des Kolons, der Mamma (postmenopausal), des Endometriums, der Niere (Nierenzellkarzinom) und des Ösophagus (Adenokarzinom) für ausreichend. Zu den potenziellen pathogenetischen Mechanismen gehören u. a. gesteigerte Insulinresistenz, chronische Hyperinsulinämie und die erhöhte Bioverfügbarkeit von Steroidhormonen. Zudem konnte gezeigt werden, dass Adipozytokine in gewissem Maß am Prozess der Karzinogenese beteiligt sind. Am überzeugendsten hat die Women’s Intervention Nutrition Study zeigen können, dass Lebensstiländerungen das Risiko für ein erneutes Auftreten von Brustkrebs sogar vermindern können.

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity is growing alarmingly and the consequences for health and economy are important since obesity is associated with many diseases. Large prospective studies have shown a significant association of obesity with several cancers and the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the WHO has classified the evidence of a causal link as “sufficient” for cancers of the colon, female breast (postmenopause), endometrium, kidney (renal cell) and esophagus (adenocarcinoma). The potential mechanisms vary with cancer site and include insulin resistance and resultant chronic hyperinsulinemia, as well as increased bioavailability of steroid hormones. In addition, adipocytokines, a group of adipose tissue-derived hormones, were shown to participate to some extent in the process of carcinogenesis. The recent release of the Women’s Intervention Nutrition Study has demonstrated most convincingly that lifestyle modifications can even decrease the risk of breast cancer recurrence.

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  1. Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland

    T. Hawighorst &  G. Emons

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  1. T. Hawighorst
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  2. G. Emons
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Correspondence to G. Emons.

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Hawighorst, T., Emons, G. Adipositas und Krebs. Gynäkologe 39, 975–980 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-006-1908-0

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