Skip to main content
Log in

Funktionelle Störungen des unteren Harntrakts im Kindesalter

Functional disorders of the lower urinary tract in children

  • Kinderuroradiologie
  • Published:
Der Radiologe Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Funktionelle Störungen des unteren Harntrakts können ebenso wie der vesikoureterale Reflux im Krankheitskomplex Harnweginfekt/permanente Nierenparenchymschädigung als prädisponierende bzw. als Risikofaktoren angesehen werden. Zwei Hauptformen können unterschieden werden, die instabile Harnblase und die Sphinkter-Detrusor-Dyskoordination, wobei zwischen diesen beiden Typen Übergänge bestehen. Funktionelle Störungen des unteren Harntrakts behindern die spontane Rückbildung des vesikoureteralen Refluxes, sie finden sich in etwa 50% der Fälle bei allen Kindern mit Harnweginfekten und sind mit einem erhöhten Risiko für die Entstehung von Nierenparenchymnarben vergesellschaftet. Sie werden von der Neugeborenenperiode bis in das Schulalter beobachtet, wobei in den ersten Lebensmonaten insbesondere Knaben mit bilateralem hochgradigem Reflux und angeborenen Nierenparenchymschäden betroffen sind, im späteren Lebensalter allerdings Mädchen, wobei in dieser Altersgruppe die Harnblaseninstabilität überwiegt. Die Inkontinenz als klinisches Leitsymptom tritt bei etwa 70% aller Fälle auf, und eine enge Korrelation besteht mit chronischer Obstipation. Der Bildgebung kommt neben den urodynamischen Methoden eine entscheidende Bedeutung für Diagnose und Behandlung zu, wobei nichtinvasiven Verfahren wie der Sonographie der Vorzug zu geben ist.

Abstract

Functional disorders of the lower urinary tract as well as vesicoureteral reflux involved in the disease complex of urinary tract infection/permanent renal parenchymal damage can be considered predisposing or risk factors. Two main forms can be distinguished, i.e., unstable bladder and dysfunctional voiding, while transitional forms between the two exist. Functional disorders of the lower urinary tract obstruct spontaneous resolution of vesicoureteral reflux. They are found in about 50% of cases in all children with urinary tract infection and are associated with an increased risk of developing renal parenchymal scars. They are observed during the newborn period up to school age. In the first few months of life, particularly boys with bilateral high-grade reflux and congenital renal parenchymal damage are affected. At later ages girls are also affected, but in this age group bladder instability predominates. Incontinence as the leading clinical symptom appears in approximately 70% of all cases and is closely correlated with chronic constipation. Imaging procedures in addition to urodynamic methods are of decisive importance for diagnosis and treatment, but noninvasive approaches such as sonography should be given preference.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb.1a-c
Abb. 2

Literatur

  1. Allen T (1977) The non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder. J Urol 117:232

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Avni EF, Schulman CC (1996) The origin of vesico-ureteric reflux in male newborns: further evidence in favour of a transient fetal urethral obstruction. Br J Urol 78:454–459

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bachelard M, Sillén U, Hansson S et al. (1998) Urodynamic pattern in infants with urinary tract infection. J Urol 160:522–526

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Beck AD (1971) Effect of intra-uterine obstruction upon the development of the fetal kidney. J Urol 105:784–789

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Fotter R (1992) Functional disorders of the lower urinary tract: Urodynamic and radiological diagnosis. In: Thomsen HS (ed) European uroradiology. FADL Publishers, Copenhagen, Arhus, Odense, pp 127–132

  6. Fotter R (1994) Children. In: Dalla Palma L, Thomsen HS (eds) European uroradiology. FADL Publishers Copenhagen, Arhus, Odense, pp 120–127

  7. Fotter R (1996) Neurogenic bladder in infants and children — a new challenge for the radiologist. Abdom Imaging 21:534–540

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Fotter R, Kopp W, Klein E et al. (1986) Unstable bladder in children: Functional evaluation by modified VCU. Radiology 161:811–813

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Fryback DG, Thornbury JR (1991) The efficacy of diagnostic imaging. Med Desic Making 11:88–94

    Google Scholar 

  10. Glick PL, Harrison MR, Neall RA (1993) Correction of congenital hydronephrosis in utero III. Early mid-trimester ureteral obstruction produces renal dysplasia. J Pediatr Surg 18:681–687

    Google Scholar 

  11. Griffith DJ, Scholtmeijer RJ (1987) Vesico-ureteral reflux and lower urinary tract dysfunction: Evidence for two different reflux-dysfunction complexes. J Urol 137:240–244

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hinman F (1986) Nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder (the Hinman syndrome) — 15 years later. J Urol 136:769–777

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Koff SA (1982) Bladder-sphinccter dysfunction in childhood. Urology XIX No. 5:457–461

  14. Koff SA, Wagner TT, Jayanthi VR (1998) The relationship among dysfunctional elimination syndromes, primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections in children. J Urol 160:1019–1022

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Naseer SR, Steinhardt GF (1997) New renal scars in children with urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux and voiding dysfunction: A prospective evaluation. J Urol 158:566–568

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nielsen JB, Djurhuus JC, Jørgensen TM (1984) Lower urinary tract dysfunction in vesicoureteral reflux. Urol Int 39:29–31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Nørgaard JP, van Gool JD, Hjälmas K et al. (1998) Standardization and definitions in lower urinary tract dysfunction in children. Br J Urol 81 Suppl 3:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  18. Risdon RA, Yeung CK, Ransley PG (1993) Reflux nephropathy in children submitted to unilateral nephrectomy: a clinicopathological study. Clin Nephrol 6:308–314

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sillén U, Hjalmas K, Aili M et al. (1992) Pronounced detrusor hypercontractility in infancts with gross bilateral reflux. J Urol 148:598–599

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Sillén U, Bachelard M, Hermanson G et al. (1996) Gross bilateral reflux in infants: Gradual decrease of initial detrusor hypercontractility. J Urol 155:668–672

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Yeung CK, Godley ML, Ho CKW et al. (1995) Some new insights into bladder function in infancy. Br J Urol 76:235–240

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Yeung CK, Chiu HN, Sit FKY (1999) Bladder dysfunction in children with refractory monosymptomatic Primary Nocturnal Enuresis. J Urol 162:1049–1055

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Zerin JM, Chen E, Ritchey ML et al. (1993) Bladder capacity as measured at voiding cystourethrography in children: relationship to toilet training and frequency of micturition. Radiology 187:803–806

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt:

Der korrespondierende Autor versichert, dass keine Verbindungen mit einer Firma, deren Produkt in dem Artikel genannt ist, oder einer Firma, die ein Konkurrenzprodukt vertreibt, bestehen.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Fotter.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fotter, R., Riccabona, M. Funktionelle Störungen des unteren Harntrakts im Kindesalter. Radiologe 45, 1085–1091 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-005-1246-6

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-005-1246-6

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation