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Neuronale Korrelate gestörter Arbeitsgedächtnisfunktionen bei schizophrenen Patienten

Ansätze zur Etablierung neurokognitiver Endophänotypen psychiatrischer Erkrankungen

Neural correlates of working memory deficits in schizophrenic patients

Ways to establish neurocognitive endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders

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Zusammenfassung

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit einigen methodischen Problemen funktionell-bildgebender Studien mit psychiatrischen Patienten, aufgrund derer die Untersuchung der neuronalen Korrelate kognitiver Defizite bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen einer Kombination funktionell-bildgebender Studien bei gesunden Normalprobanden mit Verhaltensuntersuchungen bei Patienten bedarf. Dieser methodische Ansatz wird am Beispiel von Arbeitsgedächtnisfunktionen erläutert, wobei zunächst neuere Erkenntnisse zur funktionellen Neuroanatomie verschiedener Komponenten des menschlichen Arbeitsgedächtnisses referiert werden. Anschließend werden bei schizophrenen Patienten erhobene Befunde vorgestellt, die auf spezifische Störungen der funktionellen Integrität neuronaler Netzwerke mit Arbeitsgedächtnisfunktionen hinweisen. Die damit verbundene Identifikation von Subgruppen schizophrener Patienten könnte zur Etablierung verhaltensneurophysiologisch definierter Endophänotypen psychiatrischer Störungsbilder führen und die Entwicklung einer neurowissenschaftlich basierten Klassifikation psychiatrischer Erkrankungen fördern.

Abstract

This article briefly reviews some methodological limitations of functional neuroimaging studies in psychiatric patients. We argue that the investigation of the neural substrates of cognitive deficits in psychiatric disorders requires a combination of functional neuroimaging studies in healthy subjects with corresponding behavioral experiments in patients. In order to exemplify this methodological approach we review recent findings regarding the functional neuroanatomy of distinct components of human working memory and provide evidence for selective dysfunctions of cortical networks that underlie specific working memory deficits in schizophrenia. This identification of subgroups of schizophrenic patients according to neurocognitive parameters may facilitate the establishment of behavioral and neurophysiological endophenotypes and the development of a neurobiological classification of psychiatric disorders.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren danken den Studienteilnehmern und den Doktoranden David Zilles, Jennifer Kennel, Michaela Glaesner, Leith Khalil und Stephan Kittel für die Durchführung der neuropsychologischen Experimente sowie dem Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften, insbesondere Yves von Cramon für seine Unterstützung der kognitiv-neurowissenschaftlichen Studien.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg (Saar)

    O. Gruber, E. Gruber & P. Falkai

  2. Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften, Leipzig

    O. Gruber

  3. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 , Homburg (Saar)

    O. Gruber

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  1. O. Gruber
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  3. P. Falkai
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Correspondence to O. Gruber.

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Gruber, O., Gruber, E. & Falkai, P. Neuronale Korrelate gestörter Arbeitsgedächtnisfunktionen bei schizophrenen Patienten. Radiologe 45, 153–160 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-004-1155-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-004-1155-0

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