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Operative Versorgung von dislozierten Schenkelhalsfrakturen mit einer zementfreien Duokopfprothese über einen minimal-invasiven Zugang

Klinische und radiologische Ergebnisse

Pressfit bipolar hemiarthroplasty for displaced subcapital hip fractures via a minimally invasive approach

Clinical and radiographic outcome

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Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie wurden die klinischen und radiologischen Ergebnisse von 100 Patienten nach Implantation einer zementfreien Duokopfprothese bei dislozierter Schenkelhalsfraktur erfasst. Die operative Versorgung erfolgte ausnahmslos über einen minimal-invasiven Zugang, es wurde immer ein Zweymüller-Schaft implantiert. Das Durchschnittsalter der 77 Frauen und 33 Männer belief sich auf 80 (29–98) Jahre. Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit betrug 29 (20–95) min. Ab dem 1. postoperativen Tag war eine schmerzorientierte Vollbelastung an Gehhilfen erlaubt. Die durchschnittliche Nachuntersuchungszeit lag bei 2,5 Jahren (6 Monate bis 7 Jahre); 2 Jahre postoperativ bezifferten 40% der verbliebenen 65 Patienten den Harris-Hip-Score (HHS) zwischen 90 und 100, 23% zwischen 80 und 89, 20% zwischen 70 und 79 und 17% <70 Punkte. Kein Patient klagte über Schaftschmerzen; intraoperative Fissuren oder Schaftlockerungen traten bisher in keinem Fall auf; Infekte oder Nervenläsionen waren ebenfalls nicht zu verzeichnen. Bei 3 Patienten konnte eine Luxation der Prothese geschlossen reponiert werden. Stress-shielding-Phänomene fanden sich in 97,5% der Patienten hauptsächlich in den Gruen-Zonen 1 und 7. Lockerungssäume in 2 oder mehr Gruen-Zonen waren bei 2 Patienten zu verzeichnen. Bei keinem Patienten trat eine Protrusion auf.

Die zementfreie Duokopfprothese, implantiert über einen minimal-invasiven Zugang, stellt eine absolut gleichwertige Versorgung zur zementierten Hemiarthroplastik dar. Gerade bei kardial vorbelasteten Patienten sollte dieser Versorgung zur Vermeidung intra- und postoperativer Komplikationen trotz höherer Implantatkosten der Vorzug gegeben werden. Stress-shielding-Phänomene korrelierten nicht mit dem klinischen Verlauf. Durch den minimal-invasiven Zugang wird eine Schonung der Weichteile sowie eine verkürzte Operationsdauer erreicht.

Abstract

One hundred patients treated with a cementless bipolar prosthesis for a displaced subcapital hip fracture were prospectively evaluated for clinical and radiographic outcome. All patients were operated via a minimally invasive approach; in every case we implanted a Zweymüller stem. There were 77 women and 33 men with a mean age of 80 years (29–98 years). The mean duration of the operation was 29 min (20–95 min). Full weight bearing on crutches was allowed 1 day after the operation. The mean follow-up was 2.5 years (6 months to 7 years). Two years after the operation there were 40% of the remaining 65 patients who scored between 90 and 100 on the Harris hip score, 23% between 80 and 89, 20% between 70 and 79, and 17% below 70. No patient complained about thigh pain and up to now there has been no need for femoral revision due to loosening. There was no infection or nerve lesion. In three patients there was a luxation of the prosthesis which could be reduced by closed means. Radiographs from 81 patients showed stress shielding in 97.5% mainly in Gruen zones 1 and 7. Radiolucent lines in two or more Gruen zones were found in two patients.

These findings suggest that the noncemented, pressfit, grit-blasted bipolar prosthesis demonstrated similar stability and radiographic results to cemented bipolar prostheses. Stress shielding was common but did not influence longevity of the implant. We did not find any signs of protrusio. Especially in older patients with a history of cardiac disease, the noncemented bipolar prosthesis is a rational alternative to avoid intra- and postoperative complications despite the higher costs for the implant. The minimally invasive approach helps to reduce operation time and intraoperative blood loss.

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Wick, M., Muhr, G., Rincon, R. et al. Operative Versorgung von dislozierten Schenkelhalsfrakturen mit einer zementfreien Duokopfprothese über einen minimal-invasiven Zugang. Unfallchirurg 108, 215–222 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-004-0868-x

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