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Diagnostik und Behandlungskonzepte beim Thoraxtrauma

Diagnostic assessment and treatment concepts for thoracic trauma

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Zusammenfassung

Die meisten Patienten mit Thoraxtraumata können in der Regel mit Einlage einer Thoraxsaugdrainage und einer adäquaten Schmerztherapie erfolgreich behandelt werden. Die initiale Behandlung erfolgt in der Regel aufgrund der Feststellung der vitalen Notwendigkeit durch den Notarzt bzw. den behandelnden Chirurgen in der Notaufnahme. Die Weiterbehandlung der Traumapatienten sollte im Netzwerkverbund mit spezialisierten Zentren erfolgen. Eine flächendeckende und optimale Versorgung der schweren Thoraxtraumata, durch ein schon im Vorfeld strukturiertes Netzwerk, wird im besten Fall in einem Rendezvous-System unter enger Kooperation der einzelnen Fachdisziplinen, zu einer optimalen Versorgung der Hochrisikopatienten führen. Die frühzeitige Kommunikation mit einem Thoraxchirurgen führt zu einer Senkung der Sterblichkeit und verkürzt die Langzeitbehandlung von Traumapatienten. Durch das Verständnis der physiologischen Grundlagen der einzelnen traumatischen bzw. pathologischen Prozesse, der Weiterentwicklung in Diagnostik und operativer Versorgung sowie der Fortschritte in der Pharmakotherapie wird eine deutliche Verbesserung in der Behandlung von Traumapatienten möglich. Diese führt zu einer deutlichen Senkung der Mortalität und Langzeitmorbidität kritischer Traumapatienten.

Abstract

Most patients with chest trauma can be successfully treated with tube thoracostomy and appropriate pain medication. Initial care of these patients is usually straightforward and performed by an emergency doctor or an emergency room surgeon, e.g. a general surgeon. If more extensive therapy of these polytraumatized patients appears to be required, tertiary care should be done in specialized centers or clinics with network structures. An appropriate structured network of surgical centers guarantees sufficient and efficient care of patients with severe chest trauma. In a best-case scenario the specialist disciplines work in a rendezvous system with close cooperation. Early communication with a thoracic surgeon is essential to minimize mortality and long-term morbidity. Improvement in understanding the underlying molecular physiological mechanisms involved in the various traumatic pathological processes and the advancement of diagnostic techniques, minimally invasive approaches and pharmacologic therapy, will contribute to decreasing morbidity of these critically injured patients.

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Correspondence to S. Bölükbas.

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Bölükbas, S., Ghezel-Ahmadi, D., Kwozalla, AK. et al. Diagnostik und Behandlungskonzepte beim Thoraxtrauma. Chirurg 82, 843–850 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-010-2053-9

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