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Ruhigstellung in Außenrotation bei primärer Schulterluxation

Immobilization in external rotation after primary shoulder dislocation

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die konservative Behandlung der traumatischen, anterioren Erstluxation der Schulter erfolgt in der Regel durch eine kurzzeitige Ruhigstellung in Innenrotation mit einem ruhigstellenden Verband. Die Reluxationsrate ist abhängig von Alter und Aktivität des Patienten und beträgt bis zu 90%. In einer MRT-kontrollierten Studie wurde eine neue Art der Ruhigstellung in Außenrotation, die eine bessere Reposition der Labrum-Ligament- (LL-)Läsion ermöglicht, untersucht.

Methode

Zehn Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 30,4 Jahre) mit primär traumatischer Schulterluxation ohne Hyperlaxizität der Gegenseite und im MRT nachgewiesener LL-Läsion wurden mit einer 10–20° Außenrotationsschiene für 3 Wochen ruhiggestellt. Vor und nach Ruhigstellung erfolgte eine MRT-Darstellung der Schulter in Innen- bzw. Außenrotation, nach 6 und 12 Monaten eine standardisierte Nachuntersuchung.

Ergebnisse

Bei allen Patienten kam es in Außenrotation zu einer signifikant verbesserten Stellung des LL-Komplexes an den inferioren Glenoidrand durch Anspannung der ventralen Kapselanteile und des M. subscapularis. In der MRT-Kontrolle nach 6 Wochen in Innenrotation fand sich bei allen Patienten die durch Außenrotation erzielte LL-Reposition stabil fixiert. Die Einjahresnachuntersuchung zeigte eine traumatische Reluxation nach 8 Monaten. Der Rowe Score betrug im Durchschnitt 91,5 Punkte (Range 25–100), der Constant Score 96,1 Punkte (Range 63–100).

Schlussfolgerung

Eine Ruhigstellung der Schulter in 10–20° Außenrotation nach primärer Schulterluxation hat in dem vorgestellten Kollektiv eine stabile Reposition des LL-Komplexes in anatomischer Position ermöglicht. Erste Einjahresergebnisse einer prospektiven Langzeitstudie lassen eine Reduktion der Reluxationsrate nach Außenrotationsruhigstellung annehmen.

Abstract

Introduction

The standard method of treating acute primary dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is immobilization of the arm in adduction and internal rotation with a sling. The recurrence rate for anterior instability after nonoperative treatment in young active patients is extremely high (up to 90%) and well reported. A new method of immobilization with the arm in external rotation improves the position of the displaced labrum on the glenoid rim. With the use of control MRI before and after immobilization in external rotation, a study on this new repositioning of the labrum is evaluated.

Methods

Ten patients (mean age 30.4 years) with primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder and Bankart lesion as shown on MRI but with no hyperlaxity of the contralateral side were immobilized in 10–20° of external rotation for 3 weeks. Scans with MRI were taken in internal and external shoulder rotation post trauma and in internal rotation after 6 weeks. All patients were reevaluated after 6 and 12 months.

Results

Dislocation and separation of the labrum were both significantly less with the arm in external rotation due to the tension of the anterior capsule and the tendon of the subscapularis muscle. In the MRI taken in internal rotation 6 weeks post trauma, all Bankart lesions were fixed in reposition after three weeks of immobilization in external rotation. At 12-month follow-up, the average Constant Score was 96.1 points (range 63–100), and the Rowe Score was 91.5 points (range 25–100). One patient had traumatic redislocation after 8 months.

Conclusion

After primary shoulder dislocation, immobilizing the arm in 10–20° external rotation provided stable fixation of the Bankart lesion in an anatomic position. First long-term indications from an ongoing prospective study of recurrence rates after immobilization in external rotation are promising.

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Seybold, D., Gekle, C., Fehmer, T. et al. Ruhigstellung in Außenrotation bei primärer Schulterluxation. Chirurg 77, 821–826 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-006-1181-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-006-1181-8

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