Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Posterolaterale Rekonstruktion des Kniegelenks nach Larson

Modified Larson Technique for Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction of the Knee

  • Published:
Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Operationsziel

Rekonstruktion der posterolateralen Strukturen zur Wiederherstellung der Kniegelenkkinematik bei isolierten und kombinierten posterolateralen Instabilitäten.

Indikationen

Isolierte oder multiligamentäre Kniegelenkverletzungen mit Insuffizienz der posterolateralen Strukturen (Popliteussehne, laterales Kollateralband, Ligamentum popliteofibulare).

Kontraindikationen

Ausgeprägte Arthrofibrose. Ausgeprägte Varusdeformität. Fixierte hintere Schublade. Zweifelhafte Compliance des Patienten.

Operationstechnik

Sehnenentnahme des Musculus semitendinosus. Bei multiligamentärer Rekonstruktion und gleichzeitiger hinterer Kreuzband-(HKB-)Rekonstruktion ggf. kontralaterale Entnahme. Armierung der Sehne mit biodegradierbarem Fadenmaterial bei ca. 24 cm. Zwei ca. 3–4 cm lange Inzisionen über dem Caput fibulae und dem lateralen Epikondylus. Stumpfe Präparation entlang der Sehne des Musculus biceps femoris nach proximal. Darstellung des Nervus peroneus und vorsichtige Mobilisation. Anlage eines 4,5-mm-Kanals im Caput fibulae nach Lokalisationskontrolle über einen Kirschner-Draht und Protektion des Nervus peroneus. Spaltung des Tractus iliotibialis im Bereich des Epicondylus femoris und Anlage eines ca. 6–7 mm dicken und ca. 40 mm langen Tunnels nach Isometrietestung. Transplantateinzug in die Fibula und anschließend Einzug der freien Sehnenenden unter dem Tractus iliotibialis und der Sehne des Musculus biceps femoris. Fixation mit einer biodegradierbaren Interferenzschraube in 70° Flexion und leichter Innenrotation.

Weiterbehandlung

Defensives Rehabilitationsschema, diktiert durch gleichzeitige HKB-Rekonstruktion, mit „Posterior Tibial Support“-(PTS®-)Orthese für 6 Wochen, beweglicher PCL-Orthese tagsüber und PTS®-Orthese zur Nacht bis zur 12. Woche. Rehabilitation in Bauchlage.

Ergebnisse

42 Patienten (10/2003–10/2006) mit posterolateraler Rekonstruktion nach Larson: Alle Patienten mit zeitgleicher HKB- und posterolateraler Rekonstruktion versorgt. Keine intraoperativen Komplikationen, ein Patient mit ausgeprägtem Hämatom im Bereich der Fossa poplitea (konservative Maßnahmen), zwei Patienten mit Hämatombildung nach kontralateraler Sehnenentnahme. 40 Patienten nach einer mittleren Nachuntersuchungszeit von 2,6 Jahren mit deutlich verbesserten Lysholm- und IKDCScores (International Knee Documentation Committee).

Abstract

Objective

Posterolateral soft-tissue reconstruction to restore knee kinematics in isolated or combined posterolateral instabilities.

Indications

Isolated or multiligament knee injuries with posterolateral insufficiency (popliteus tendon, lateral collateral ligament [LCL], popliteofibular ligament).

Contraindications

Arthrofibrosis. Severe varus deformity. Fixed posterior drawer. Doubts about compliance.

Surgical Technique

Graft harvest of semitendinosus tendon. In cases with multiligament reconstruction or associated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction contralateral graft harvest. Suture at 24 cm with baseball stitches using biodegradable material. Two-incision technique: one over the fibular head, one over the lateral epicondyle. Dissection along the biceps femoris to identify and free the peroneal nerve. Kirschner wire-guided creation of a 4.5-mm tunnel through the fibular head. Longitudinal incision of tensor fasciae latae and Kirschner wire drilling at the insertion of the LCL and the politeus tendon. Isometric testing. Overdrilling with an appropriately sized drill (6–7 mm, depth 40 mm). Graft passage through the fibular head and underneath biceps muscle and tensor fasciae latae into the femoral tunnel. Fixation with a biodegradable interference screw at 70° knee flexion in slight internal rotation.

Postoperative Management

Defensive rehabilitation due to associated PCL reconstruction using a Posterior Tibial Support (PTS®) brace for 6 weeks (day and night). PCL brace with limited range of motion for the next 6 weeks and PTS® brace at night. Rehabilitation in a prone position.

Results

42 patients (10/2003–10/2006) with posterolateral reconstruction according to Larson. All patients received combined PCL and posterolateral reconstruction. No intraoperative complications, one patient with hematoma in the popliteal fossa (conservative treatment), two patients with hematoma following contralateral graft harvest. At followup after 2.6 years, 40 patients were enrolled showing high improvement according to IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) and Lysholm Scores.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Covey DC. Injuries of the posterolateral corner of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001;83:106–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Fannelli GC, Larson RV. Practical management of posterolateral instability of the knee. Arthroscopy 2002;18:1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Gollehon DL, Torzilli PA, Warren RF. The role of the posterolateral and cruciate ligaments in the stability of the human knee. A biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987;69:233–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Grood ES, Noyes FR, Butler DL, Suntay WJ. Ligamentous and capsular restraints preventing straight medial and lateral laxity in intact human cadaver knees. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1981;63:1257–69.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Harner CD, Höher J, Vogrin TM, et al. The effects of a popliteus muscle load on in situ forces in the posterior cruciate ligament and on knee kinematics. A human cadaveric study. Am J Sports Med 1998;26:669–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Höher J, Harner CD, Vogrin TM, et al. In situ forces in the posterolateral structures of the knee under posterior tibial loading in the intact and posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. J Orthop Res 1998;16:675–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Irrgang JJ, Ho H, Harner CD, Fu FH. Use of the International Knee Documentation Committee guidelines to assess outcome following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1998;6:107–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kanamori A. Lee JM, Haemmerle MJ, et al. A biomechanical analysis of two reconstructive approaches to the posterolateral corner of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2003;11:312–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Larson RV, Metcalf MG. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: associated extra-articular procedures medial and lateral. Tech Orthop 2001;16:148–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lysholm J, Gillquist J. Evaluation of knee ligament surgery results with special emphasis on use of a scoring scale. Am J Sports Med 1982;10:150–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Maynard MJ, Deng X, Wickiewicz TL, Warren RF. The popliteofibular ligament. Rediscovery of a key element in posterolateral stability. Am J Sports Med 1996;24:311–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nielsen S, Helmig P. The static stabilizing function of the popliteal tendon in the knee. An experimental study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1986;104:357–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nielsen S, Kromann-Andersen C, Rasmussen O, Andersen K. Instability of cadaver knees after transection of capsule and ligaments. Acta Orthop Scand 1984;55:30–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Petersen W, Zantop T. Biomechanik des hinteren Kreuzbandes und der hinteren Instabilität. Arthroskopie 2006;19:207–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Petersen W, Zantop T, Tillmann B. Anatomie des hinteren Kreuzbandes sowie der posterolateralen und posteromedialen Strukturen. Arthroskopie 2006;19:198–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Strobel M. Arthroskopische Chirurgie. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Strobel M, Stedtfeld HW. Diagnostic evaluation of the knee. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Strobel M, Weiler A. Hinteres Kreuzband. Tuttlingen: EndoPress, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sugita T, Amis AA. Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral collateral and popliteofibular ligaments. Am J Sports Med 2001;29:466–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ulrich K, Krudwig WK, Witzel U. Posterolateral aspect and stability of the knee joint. I. Anatomy and function of the popliteus muscle-tendon unit: an anatomical and biomechanical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2002;10:86–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Veltri DM, Deng XH, Torzilli PA, et al. The role of the cruciate and posterolateral ligaments in stability of the knee. A biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med 1995;23:436–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Veltri DM, Deng XH, Torzilli PA, et al. The role of the popliteofibular ligament in stability of the human knee. A biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med 1996;24:19–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Vogrin TM, Hoher J, Arøen A, et al. Effects of sectioning the posterolateral structures on knee kinematics and in situ forces in the posterior cruciate ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2000;8:93–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thore Zantop.

Additional information

Zeichner: Rüdiger Himmelhan, Heidelberg

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zantop, T., Petersen, W. Posterolaterale Rekonstruktion des Kniegelenks nach Larson. Orthop Traumatol 22, 373–386 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-010-9030-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-010-9030-9

Schlüsselwörter

Key Words

Navigation