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Analgésie autocontrôlée chez les enfants atteints d’anémie falciforme: l’expérience d’un centre canadien

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Douleur et Analgésie

Résumé

Afin d’évaluer’ la prise en charge de la douleur chez des enfants atteints d’anémie falciforme, nous avons revu rétrospectivement les dossiers médicaux de 26 enfants hospitalisés pendant une période de 28 mois, pour crises vaso-occlusives (CVO) et qui ont bénéficié de l’analgésie contrôlée par le patient (ACP) à 54 occasions. Tous ces patients ont eu une ACP à la morphine à l’exception d’un seul qui a reçu de la mépéridine. La dose des bolus, de la perfusion de base et la dose totale de médicament ont beaucoup varié pendant les trois premiers jours du traitement. L’utilisation de morphine chez les enfants qui se sont servis du bolus plus perfusion de base a été significativement plus importante que chez ceux qui n’ont reçu que les bolus. Toutefois, les scores de douleur n’ont pas été significativement différents. Un tiers des enfants a reçu des adjuvants en plus des antalgiques. La nausée (n=6), les vomissements (n=6) et le prurit (n=6) sont survenus chez 11% des patients. II n’y a pas eu d’épisode de sédation excessive ou de dépression respiratoire. Six patients avaient un syndrome thoracique aigu à l’admission, et deux d’entre eux ont dû être admis pour une nuit aux soins intensifs. A deux occasions, les parents ont décidé d’arrêter l’ACP du fait d’une mauvaise analgésie. En nous appuyant sur notre expérience, nous proposons quelques recommandations pour l’amélioration de la qualité de l’ACP dans la prise en charge de la douleur des CVO chez les enfants et les adolescents.

Summary

To Examine our experience of pain management in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), we retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 26 patients hospitalized over a 28 month period, for vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) who used patient controlled analgesia (PCA) on 54 different occasions. All of the patients used morphine PCA, except one who used meperidine. The bolus dose, use of basal infusion and total amount of drug received daily varied greatly, over the first three days of therapy. Morphine use in those admissions which used bolus plus basal PCA was significantly higher than those which used bolus only. However, pain scores were not significantly different. One-third of the admissions used adjuvant pain medication. Nausea (n=6), vomiting (n=6) and pruritus (n=6) each occured in 11% admissions. There were no episodes of excessive sedation or respiratory depression. Six patients had documented acute chest syndrome on admission, two of which necessitated overnight stays in ICU. On two occasions, parents decided to stop their child’s PCA due to dissatisfaction with pain relief. Recommendations for continuous quality improvement of PCA use in the management of VOC pain in children and teens with SCD are proposed based on this centre’s experience.

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Stinson, J., Naser, B. Analgésie autocontrôlée chez les enfants atteints d’anémie falciforme: l’expérience d’un centre canadien. Doul. et Analg. 13, 21–26 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03008087

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