Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Myocutaneous versus fasciocutaneous free flap in the treatment of lower leg osteitis

Intérêt respectif des lambeaux libres myocutanés et fasciocutanés dans le traitement de l’ostéite du tibia

  • European Bone And Joint Infection Society Meeting, München, Germany — October 7–9, 1993
  • Published:
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Preliminary reports have indicated that debridement of all necrotic soft tissue and bone is a highly efficient method in treatment of lower leg osteitis, if combined with free flap transfer. Yet the question, whether fasciocutaneous or musculocutaneous flaps are the better choice, is controversial. To answer that question, we looked at the files of 69 patients who underwent surgical treatment of osteitis of the leg between 1982 and 1989. Those patients underwent an agressive debridement and closure of the soft tissue defect by free flap transfer in a single stage operation. Long term follow up was possible for 50 patients (72%). Out of these patients two groups were formed: Those being treated treated with musculocutaneous (mc) — and those with fasciocutaneous free flap (fc). In mc-group the 30 patients received 33 flaps, 20 patients of fc 21 flaps. We lost 3 Latissimus dorsi and 2 Parascapular flaps. Flap survival rate was 91% in both groups. The rate of early reexploration was much higher in the mc-group. We could demonstrate, that free flap transfer itself is not the final step in the treatment of osteitis. Only 30% of mc-patients were cured after the transfer. The remaining 21 patients needed another 4.09 (mean) operations. The rate in fc with 65% cured patients was significantly higher. The remaining 7 patients required 3.57 (mean) subsequent operations. Relapse of infection after free flap transfer occurred in 33% (10 pat.) in mc. We found a range of 1 to 6 recurrent fistulas. Five patients have been free of drainage for more than 4 years. Two are still suffering from active infections. Amputation as a final solution in that group had to be done in 3 patients (10%). In the fc-group only 10% (2 pat.) showed a relapse of infection. Both had only 1 fistula. One of these patients has been drainage free for more than 4 years now, one is still active. There were no amputations in that group. So taking the 4 year drainage free time as a measure, mc-group showed an overall success rate of 83%. In fc-group it was much higher with 95%. From our clinical experience we cannot agree with the hypothesis of an antiinflammatory effect of muscle flaps, which has been discussed so often in the literature.

Résumé

Diverses publications ont montré la valeur d’un débridement des nécroses osseuses et tissulaires dans les ostéites de jambe si l’on associe cette méthode avec un lambeau libre. Mais le choix entre un lambeau myocutané ou fasciocutané reste toujours un point de discussion dans la littérature. Pour essayer de répondre nous avons étudié 69 patients opérés pour une ostéite de jambe entre 1982 et 1989. Tous ces patients ont bénéficié d’un débridement total en couvrant le défaut tissulaire par un lambeau libre dans le même temps opératoire. Un suivi à long terme fut possible dans 50 cas (72,46 %). Les patients furent séparés en 2 groupes : ceux traités avec un lambeau musculocutané (“mc”) : 33 lambeaux chez 30 patients, et ceux avec un lambeau fasciocutané (“fc”) : 21 lambeaux chez 20 patients. Nous avons perdu 3 lambeaux de grand dorsal et 23 lambeaux parascapulaires pendant la guérison. 90,6 % des lambeaux ont survécu dans les deux groupes, cependant le nombre de réexplorations était plus élevé dans le groupe «mc». Nous pouvons montrer que le lambeau libre en lui-même n’est pas le traitement définitif d’une ostéïte. Seulement 30 % des patients du groupe “mc” étaient guéris après le transfert. Les 21 autres patients ont subi d’autres opérations, en moyenne 4,09 opérations. Plus de patients du groupe fc furent guéri après le transfert (65 %). Les 7 autres patients ont eu besoin en moyenne de 3,57 opérations complémentaires.

Une réinfection est survenue chez 10 patients (33,3 %) du groupe “mc” après le lambeau libre ; 1 à 6 fistules sont réapparues, 5 patients n’ont plus eu de drainage pendant 5 années, 2 patients présentent toujours une infection active. Trois patients du groupe “mc” (10 %) durent avoir une amputation. Deux cas du groupe “fc” (10 %) ont présenté une réinfection. Tous les deux avaient une fistule, un des patients n’a plus de drainage depuis 4 ans, l’autre est toujours active. Il n’y a pas eu d’amputation dans le groupe «fc». En prenant le temps sans drainage comme référence le groupe “mc” présente 83 % de succès et le groupe “fc” 95 %. A partir de notre expérience, nous ne pouvons pas suivre l’hypothèse du potentiel anti-inflammatoire évoqué dans la littérature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mathes SJ, Alpert BS, Chang N (1982) Use of the muscle flap in chronic osteo-myelitis: experimental and clinical correlations. Plast Reconstr Surg 69: 815

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Anthony JP, Mathes SJ, Alpert BS (1991) The muscle flap in the treatment of chroniclower extremity osteomyelitis: results in patients over 5 years after treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 88: 311–318

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ger R (1977) Muscle transposition for treatment and prevention of chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis of the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 59-A: 784

    Google Scholar 

  4. May JW, Gallico GG, Jupite J, Savage RC (1984) Free latissimus dorsi muscle flap with skin graft for treatment of traumatic chronic bony wounds. Plast Reconstr Surg 73: 641

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. May JW, Gallico GG, Lukash FN (1982) Mikrovascular transfer of free tissue for closure of bone wounds of the distal lower extremity. N Engl J Med 306: 253

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bruck JC, Büttemeyer R, Grabosch A, Gruhl L (1991) More arguments in favor of myocutaneous flaps for the treatment of pelvic pressure sores. Ann Plast Surg 26: 85–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Heinrich M, Falter E, Herndl E, Mühlbauer, W (1991) Fasciocutaneous flaps — A simple alternative to the musculocutaneous or free, microvascular flap of the lower extremity. Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressband, pp584–586

  8. Masem M, Greenberg BM, Hoffmann C, Hooper D, May JM (1990) Comparative bacterial clearances of muscle and skin/subcutaneous tissues with and without dead bone: a laboratory study. Plast Reconstr Surg 85: 773–781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Murphy RC, Robson MC, Heggers JP, Kadowaki M (1986) The effect of microbial contamination on musculocutaneous and random flaps. J Surg Res 41: 75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Calderon W, Chang N, Mathes SJ (1986) Comparison of the effect of bacterial inoculation in musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 77: 785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Thatte RL (1991) Saucerization and skin cover for osteomyelitis: back to square one. Plast Reconstr Surg 87: 550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mathes SJ, Alpert BS, Chang N (1983) Coverage of the infected wound. Ann Surg 198: 420

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Weiland AJ, Moore JR, Daniel RK (1984) The efficacy of free tissue transfer in the treatment of osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg 66-A: 181

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gordon L, Chiu EJ (1988) Treatment of infected nonunions and segmental defects of the tibia with staged microvascular muscle transplantation and bone grafting. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 70-A: 377

    Google Scholar 

  15. James ET, Gruss JS (1983) Closure of osteomyelitis and traumatic defects of the leg by muscle and musculocutaneous flaps. J Trauma 23: 411

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fitzgerald RH, Ruttle PE, Arnold PG, Kelly PJ, Irons GB (1985) Local muscle flaps in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg 67: 175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. May JW, Jupiter JB, Weiland AJ, Byrd HS (1989) Clinical classification of posttraumatic tibial osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71-A: 1422

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ingram C, Eron LJ, Goldenberg RI, Morrison A (1988) Antibiotic therapy of osteomyelitis in outpatients. Med Clin North Am 72: 723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Thomsen PB, Siemssen SJ, Hall KV, Damholt V (1985) Muscle transposition for treatment of osteomyelitis of the tibia. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 19: 81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chang N, Mathes SJ (1982) Comparison of the effect of bacterial inoculation in musculocutaneous and random pattern flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 70: 1

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Laughlin RT, Smith KL, Russell RC, Hayes JM (1993) Late functional outcome in patients with tibia fractures covered with free muscle flaps. J Orthop Trauma 7: 123–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gallie WE (1951) First recurrence of osteomyelitis eighty years after infection. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 33-B: 110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Buchman J, Blair JE (1951) Surgical management of chronic osteomyelitis by saucerization, primary closure and antibiotic control. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 33-A: 107

    Google Scholar 

  24. Russell RC, Graham DR, Feller AM, Zook EC, Mathur A (1988) Experimental evaluation of the antibiotic carrying capacity of a muscle flap into a fibrotic cavity. Plast Reconstr Surg 81: 162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

European Bone and Joint Infection Society Meeting, München, Germany, October 7–9, 1993

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Heppert, V., Becker, S., Winkler, H. et al. Myocutaneous versus fasciocutaneous free flap in the treatment of lower leg osteitis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 5, 27–31 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02716210

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02716210

Key words

Mots clés

Code Méary

Navigation