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Back to the future: Lessons from ethnoveterinary RD&E for studying and applying local knowledge

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Abstract

Ethnoveterinary research, development, and extension (ERD&E) has emerged as a rich field for discovering, adapting, and transferring appropriate and sustainable animal health technologies to rural and peri-urban stockraisers, especially in Third World countries. This field is defined as the holistic, interdisciplinary study of local knowledge and practices, together with the social structure in which they are embedded, that pertain to the healthcare and healthful husbandry of animals used for a multitude of purposes. Especially in the Third World, livestock play a large number of important roles that are little understood or appreciated in today's First World. Study of these benefits and their role in Third World livelihoods offers numerous lessons that span not only the virtues but also some of the technical, ethical, and methodological challenges of working with local knowledge. ERD&E emerged as an internationally recognized branch of research in the mid-1970s largely in response to an increasing concern with animal health in the context of practical, field-level projects in animal agriculture. As many as 90% of the world's population continue to rely mainly on their own localized ethnomedicine for the bulk of their personal healthcare as well as their veterinary needs. With the escalating costs of Western healthcare technologies, it is essential to build upon this local knowledge. Of course, ethnoscience is not perfect, and recognition of the immense value of ERD&E does not imply that conventional science is to be abandoned. Rather each has much to learn from the other. Making knowledge by judiciously drawing upon insider and outsider, site-specific and universalistic, and both old and new understandings can take us back to a brighter development future.

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Constance McCorkle is an ecological anthropologist (PhD Stanford) specializing in agriculture, environment, and rural development. As a faculty member in the Department of Rural Sociology at the University of Missouri-Columbia, between 1980 and 1990 she served as Research Scientist and Coordinator for the Sociology Project of a worldwide (Bolivia, Brazil, Indonesia, Kenya, Morocco, Peru) 18-year $100+ million R&D program in sustainable animal agriculture. From 1990 to 1992, McCorkle was Director of the U.S. Agency for International Development's (USAID) staff environmental training program in Washington DC. Thereafter, she served as Director for Research and Evaluation for USAID's global GENESYS Project (Gender in Economic and Social Systems). The sole or senior editor of three volumes and some 30 articles on livestock development, Dr. McCorkle currently works as an independent researcher, author, and public speaker; and she consults for such organizations as USAID, FAO, the African Development Bank, the World Bank, and various private voluntary organizations that promote grassroots rural development.

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McCorkle, C.M. Back to the future: Lessons from ethnoveterinary RD&E for studying and applying local knowledge. Agric Hum Values 12, 52–80 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02217297

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