Summary
Cerebral capillaries from porcine brain were isolated. and endothelial cells were grown in primary culture. The whole-cell tight seal patch-clamp method was applied to freshly isolated single endothelial cells, and cells which were held in culture up to one week. With high K+ solution in the patch pipette and in the bath we observed inward-rectifying K+ currents, showing a time-dependent decay in part of the experiments. Ba2+ (1–10mm) in the bath blocked this current, whereas outside tetraethylammonium (10mm) decreased the peak current but increased the steady-state current. Addition of 1 μm of angiotensin II or of arginine-vasopressin to the extracellular side caused a time-dependent inhibition of the inward-rectifying K+ current in part of the experiments. Addition of 100 μm GTP[γ-S] to the patch pipette blocked the K+ inward rectifier. In cell-attached membrane patches two types of single inward-rectifying K+ channels were observed, with single channel conductances of 7 and 35 pS. Cell-attached patches were also obtained at the antiluminal membrane of intact isolated cerebral capillaries. Only one type of K+ channel withg=30 pS was recorded. In conclusion, inwardly rectifying K+ channels, which can be inhibited by extracellular angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin, are present in cerebral capillary endothelial cells. The inhibition of this K+ conductance by GTP[γ-S] indicates that G-proteins are involved in channel regulation. It is suggested that angiotensin II and vasopressin regulate K+ transport across the blood-brain barrier, mediating their effects via G-proteins.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott, N.J., Revest, P.A. 1990. Single-channel currents recorded from brain capillary endothelial cells in culture.J. Physiol. 423:105P
Betz, A.L. 1983. Sodium transport from blood to brain: Inhibition by furosemide and amiloride.J. Neurochem. 41:1158–1164
Betz, A.L., Firth, J.A., Goldstein, G.W. 1980. Polarity of the blood-brain barrier: Distribution of enzymes between the luminal and antiluminal membranes of brain capillary endothelial cells.Brain Res. 192:17–28
Betz, A.L., Goldstein, G.W. 1986. Specialized properties and solute transport in brain capillaries.Annu. Rev. Physiol. 48:241–250
Biermans, G., Vereecke, J., Carmeliet, E. 1987. The mechanism of the inactivation of the inward-rectifying K current during hyperpolarizing steps in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.Pfluegers Arch. 410:604–613
Bowman, P.D., Betz, A.L., Ar, D., Wolinsky, J.S., Penney, J.B., Shivers, R.R., Goldstein, G.W. 1981. Primary culture of capillary endothelium from rat brain.In Vitro 17:353–362
Bradbury, M.W.B., Stulcová, B. 1970. Efflux mechanism contributing to the stability of the potassium concentration in cerebrospinal fluid.J. Physiol. 280:415–430
Brendel, K., Meezan, E., Carlson, E.C. 1974. Isolated brain microvessels: A purified, metabolically active preparation from bovine cerebral cortex.Science 185:953–955
Buijs, R.M. 1987. Vasopressin localization and putative functions in the brain.In: Vasopressin. Principles and Properties. D.M. Gash, and G.J. Boer, editors, pp. 91–115. Plenum, New York-London
Butt, A.M., Jones, H.C., Abbott, N.J. 1990. Electrical resistance across the blood-brain barrier in anaesthetized rats: A developmental study.J. Physiol. 429:47–62
Colden-Stanfield, M., Schilling, W.P., Possani, L.D., Kunze, D.L. 1990. Bradykinin-induced potassium current in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells.J. Membrane Biol. 116:227–238
Crane, J.K., Campanile, C.P., Garrison, J.C. 1982. The hepatic angiotensin II receptor. II. Effect of guanine nucleotides and interaction with cyclic AMP production.J. Biol. Chem. 257:4959–4965
Crone, C., Olesen, S.P. 1982. Electrical resistance of brain microvascular endothelium.Brain Res. 241:49–55
De Lean, A., Ong, H., Gutkowska, J., Schiller, P.W., McNicoll, N. 1984. Evidence for agonist induced interaction of angiotensin receptor with a guanine nucleotide-binding protein in bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa.Mol. Pharmacol. 26:498–508
Edvinsson, L., Hardebo, J.-E., Owman, C. 1979. Effects of angiotensin II on cerebral blood vessels.Acta Physiol. Scand. 105:381–383
Eisenberg, H.M., Suddith, R.L. 1979. Cerebral vessels have the capacity to transport sodium and potassium.Science 206:1083–1085
Fain, G.L., Farahbakhsh, N.A. 1989. Voltage-activated currents recorded from rabbit pigmented cilliary body epithelial cells in culture.J. Physiol. 418:83–103
Fargon, F., McNaughton, P.A., Sepulveda, F.V. 1990. Possible involvement of GTP-binding proteins in the deactivation of an inwardly rectifying K+ current in enterocytes isolated from guinea-pig small intestine.Pfluegers Arch. 417:240–242
Fukushima, Y. 1982. Blocking kinetics of the anomalous potassium rectifier of tunicate egg studied by single channel recording.J. Physiol. 331:311–331
Ganten, D., Hermann, K., Bayer, C., Unger, T., Lang, R.E. 1983. Angiotensin synthesis in the brain and increased turnover in hypertensive rats.Science 221:869–871
Gögelein, H., Greger, R. 1986. A voltage-dependent ionic channel in the basolateral membrane of late proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney.Pfluegers Arch. 407:S142-S148
Goldstein, G.W. 1979. Relation of potassium transport to oxidative metabolism in isolated brain capillaries.J. Physiol. 286:185–195
Goldstein, G.W., Betz, A.L., Bowman, P.D. 1984. Use of isolated brain capillaries and cultured endothelial cells to study the blood-brain barrier.Fed. Proc. 43:191–195
Goldstein, G.W., Wolinsky, J.S., Csejtey, J., Diamond, J. 1975. Isolation of metabolically active capillaries from rat brain.J. Neurochem. 25:715–717
Grammas, P., Diglio, C., Giacomelli, F., Wiener, J. 1989. Cerebrovascular angitonesin II receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats.J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 13:227–232
Grubb, R.L., Raichle, M.E. 1981. Intraventricular angiotensin II increases brain vascular permeability.Brain Res. 210:426–430
Haberl, R.L., Anneser, F., Villringer, A., Einhäupl, K.M. 1990. Angiotensin II induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation of rat cerebral arterioles.Am. J. Physiol. 258:H1840-H1846
Hamill, O.P., Marty, A., Neher, E., Sakmann, B., Sigworth, F.J. 1981. Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recordings from cells and cell-free membrane patches.Pfluegers Arch. 391:85–100
Hansen, A.J., Lund-Andersen, H., Crone, C. 1977. K+-permeability of the blood-brain barrier, investigated by aid of a K+-sensitive microelectrode.Acta Physiol. Scand. 101:438–445
Herbst, T.J., Raichle, M.E., Ferrendelli, J.A. 1979. β-adrenergic regulation of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate concentration in brain microvessels.Science 204:330–332
Johns, A., Lategan, T.W., Lodge, N.J., Ryan, U.S., Van Breemen, C., Adams, D.J. 1987. Calcium entry through receptor-operated channels in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells.Tissue Cell 19:733–745
Josephson, I.R., Brown, A.M. 1986. Inward-rectifying single-channel and whole cell K+ currents in rat ventricular myocytes.J. Membrane Biol. 94:19–35
Katusic, Z.S., Sheperd, J.T., Vanhoutte, P.M. 1984. Vasopressin causes endothelium-dependent relaxations of the canine basilar artery.Circ. Res. 55:575–579
Katz, B. 1949. Les constantes electriques de la membranes du muscle.Arch. Sci. Physiol. 3:285–300
Katzman, R. 1976. Maintenance of a constant brain extracellular potassium.Fed. Proc. 35:1244–1247
Kobayashi, H., Magnoni, M.S., Govoni, S., Izumi, F., Wada, A., Trabucchi, M. 1985. Neuronal control of brain microvessel function.Experientia 41:427–558
Kretzschmar, R., Landgraf, R., Gjedde, A., Ermisch, A. 1986. Vasopressin binds to microvessels from rat hippocampus.Brain Res. 380:325–330
Kurtz, A., Penner, R. 1989. Angiotensin II induces oscillations of intracellular calcium and blocks anomalous inwardrectifying potassium current in mouse renal juxtaglomerular cells.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3423–3427
Lindau, M., Fernandez, J.M. 1986. A patch-clamp study of histamin-secreting cells.J. Gen. Physiol. 88:349–368
Martin, S.C., Yule, D.I., Dunne, M.J., Gallacher, D.V., Petersen, O.H. 1989. Vasopressin directly closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels evoking membrane depolarization and an increase in the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration in insulin-secreting cells.EMBO J. 8:3595–3599
McCloskey, M.A., Cahalan, M.D. 1990. G protein control of potassium channel activity in a mast cell line.J. Gen. Physiol. 95:205–227
Meyer, J., Mischek, U., Veyhl, M., Henzel, K., Galla, H.-J. 1990. Blood-brain barrier characteristic enzymatic properties in cultured brain capillary endothelial cells.Brain Res. 514:305–309
Mischek, U., Meyer, J., Galla H.-J. 1989. Characterization of Γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity of cultured endothelial cells from porcine brain capillaries.Cell Tissue Res. 256:221–226
Nakajima, Y., Nakajima, S., Inoue, M. 1988. Pertussis toxininsensitive G protein mediates substance P-induced inhibition of potassium channels in brain neurons.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3643–3647
Ohmori, H., Yoshida, S., Hagiwara, S. 1981. Single K+ channel currents of anomalous rectification in cultured rat myotubes.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:4960–4964
Orlowski, M., Sessa, G., Green, J.P. 1974. Γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in brain capillaries: Possible site of a blood-brain barrier for amino acids.Science 184:66–68
Pobiner, B.F., Hewlett, E.L., Garrison, J.C. 1985. Role of N i in coupling angiotensin receptors to inhibition of adenylate cyclase in hepatocytes.J. Biol. Chem. 260:16200–16209
Raichle, M.E., Grubb, R.L. 1978. Regulation of brain water permeability by centrally-released vasopressin.Brain Res. 143:191–194
Sakmann, B., Trube, G. 1984. Conductance properties of single inwardly rectifying potassium channels in ventricular cells from guinea-pig heart.J. Physiol. 347:641–657
Sakmann, B., Trube, G. 1984. Voltage-dependent inactivation of inward-rectifying single-channel currents in the guinea-pig heart cell membrane.J. Physiol. 347:659–683
Sauve, R., Roy, G., Payet, D. 1983. Single channel K+ currents from HeLa cells.J. Membrane Biol. 74:41–49
Silver, M.R., De Coursey, T.E. 1990. Intrinsic gating of inward rectifier in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in the presence or absence of internal Mg2+.J. Gen. Physiol. 96:109–133
Speth, R.C., Harik, S.I. 1985. Angiotensin II receptor binding sites in brain microvessels.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6340–6343
Toro, L., Amador, M., Stefani, E. 1990. ANG II inhibits calcium-activated potassium channels from coronary smooth muscle in lipid bilayers.Am. J. Physiol. 258:H912-H915
Uhing, R.J., Prpic, V., Jiang, H., Exton, J.H. 1986. Hormone-stimulated polyphosphoinositide breakdown in rat liver plasma membranes.J. Biol. Chem. 261:2140–2146
Vigne, P., Champigny, G., Marsault, R., Barbry, P., Frelin, C., Lazdunski, M. 1989. A new type of amiloride-sensitive cationic channel in endothelial cells of brain microvessels.J. Biol. Chem. 264:7663–7668
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hoyer, J., Popp, R., Meyer, J. et al. Angiotensin II, vasopressin and GTP[γ-S] inhibit inward-rectifying K+ channels in porcine cerebral capillary endothelial cells. J. Membrain Biol. 123, 55–62 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01993963
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01993963