Abstract
A 5-year prospective study of 699 children with various renal disorders from around the Rivers State, which is in the eastern part of Nigeria, was carried out to investigate the prevalence and significance of renal disorders in a third world country with no facilities for paediatric dialysis and transplantation. Renal disorders accounted for 1.1% of the total outpatients and hospital admissions. The commonest renal disorders were urinary tract infection (UTI, 68.9%); nephrotic syndrome (NS 14.6%) and acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (11.4%). Patients with UTI had no vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR); 22.5% of NS patients were steroid sensitive. Wilms' tumour (1.6%) was the second commonest childhood malignant tumour; 8 of 17 cases of obstructive uropathy were secondary to meatal stenosis following circumcision. Fifteen children developed end-stage renal failure (ESRF), mainly due to chronic glomerulonephritis, giving a prevalence rate of 7.5 children per year per million childhood population. Hence, renal disorders are common in Nigeria and although VUR is rare, ESRF may approximate figures seen in the western world. This highlights the need to improve the country's socioeconomic conditions, make medical facilities more available to children and prevent renal diseases that may lead to ESRF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akinsola W, Odesanmi WO, Ogunniyi JO, Ladipo GOA (1989) Diseases causing chronic renal failure in Nigerians — a prospective study of 100 cases. Afr J Med Med Sci 18: 131–137
Adhikari M, Manikkam NEG, Coovadia HM (1992) Effect of repeated courses of daily steroids and of persistent proteinuria on linear growth in children with nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 6: 4–9
Abdurrahman MB, Greenwood BM, Narayana P, Babaoye FA, Edington GM (1981) Immunological aspects of nephrotic syndrome in Northern Nigeria. Arch Dis Child 56: 199–202
Al Rasheed SA, Al Mugeiren MM, Abdurrahman MB, Elidrissy ATH (1990) The outcome of percutaneous renal biopsy in children: an analysis of 120 consecutive cases. Pediatr Nephrol 4: 600–603
Bello AB (1991) A review of acute glomerulonephritis in children at Ilorin. Nig Med Pract 21: 3–5
Seggie T (1981) Glomerulonephritis in Zimbabwe: experience of Harare hospital during 1978. Cent Afr J Med 27: 77–84
Currarino G (1978) Radiologic investigation of the urinary tract in children. In: Edelmann CM Jr (ed) Pediatric kidney disease, 1st edn. Little Brown, Boston, pp 225–235
Inguli E, Tejani A (1991) Racial differences in the incidence and renal outcome of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 5: 393–397
Savage DCL, Wilson M, McHardy M, Dewar DAE, Fee WM (1973) Covert bacteriuria of childhood. Arch Dis Child 43: 8–20
Donckerwolcke RA, Brunner FP (1982) Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe 1981. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 20: 60–91
Eke FU, Eke N, Blankson CD (1992) Children with urinary tract infection — a prospective clinical study. Child Nephrol Urol (in press)
Ogunbiyi OA, Nzeh D (1984) Intravenous urography in paediatric and adolescent practice. Nig J Paediatr 11: 107–114
Kibukamusoke JW (1966) The nephrotic syndrome in Lagos, Nigeria. W Afr Med J 15: 213–215
Abdurrahman MB, Greenwood BM, Draper CC, Edington GM, Narayana PT, Babaeye FA, McLaren ML (1983) The role of malaria in childhood nephrotic syndrome in Northern Nigeria. E Afr Med J 60: 467–471
Kadowaki J, Hoshii S, Igarashi C, Abo W (1992) Decrease of the incidence of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis and steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children in Hokkaido (abstract). Pediatr Nephrol 6: C 124
Pelser HH (1992) Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in hospitalised children (abstract). Pediatr Nephrol 6: C 152
Winberg J, Gothefords L, Bollgren I, Herthelius M, Tullus K (1989) The prepuce: a mistake of nature. Lancet I: 598–599
Esbjorner E, Aronson S, Berg U, Jodal U, Linne T (1990) Children with chronic renal failure in Sweden (1978–1985). Pediatr Nephrol 4: 249–252
Rizzoni G, Ehrich JHH, Brunner FP, Brynger H, Dylles SR, Geerlings W, Fassbinder W, Tufveson G, Selwood NH, Wing AJ (1989) Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe 1988. Nephrol Dial Transplant 4 [Suppl 4]: 31–40
Garcia C, Goldani J, Garcia V (1992) Paediatric dialysis and renal transplantation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Pediatr Nephrol 6: 74–77
Saieh-Andonie C (1990) The management of end-stage renal disease in under-developed countries: a moral and an economic problem. Pediatr Nephrol 4: 199–201
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Eke, F.U., Eke, N.N. Renal disorders in children: a Nigerian study. Pediatr Nephrol 8, 383–386 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00866371
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00866371