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Collagen induced MMP-2 activation in human breast cancer

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Summary

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a zymogen requiring proteolytic activation for catalytic activity, has been implicated broadly in the invasion and metastasis of many cancer model systems, including human breast cancer (HBC). MMP-2 has been immunolocalized to carcinomatous human breast, where the degree of activation of MMP-2 correlates well with tumor grade and patient prognosis. Using Matrigel assays, we have stratified HBC cell lines for invasivenessin vitro, and compared this to their potential for metastatic spread in nude mice. HBC cell lines expressing the mesenchymal marker protein vimentin were found to be highly invasivein vitro, and tended to form metastases in nude mice. We have further discovered that culture on collagen-I gels (VitrogenTM; Vg) induces MMP-2-activator in highly invasive but not poorly invasive HBC cell lines. As seen for other MMP-2-activator inducing regimens, this induction requires protein synthesis and an intact MMP-2 hemopexin-like domain, appears to be mediated by a cell surface activity, and can be inhibited by metalloproteinase inhibitors. The induction is highly specific to collagen I, and is not seen with thin coatings of collagen I, collagen IV, laminin, or fibronectin, or with 3-dimensional gels of laminin, Matrigel, or gelatin. This review focuses on collagen I and MMP-2, their localization and source in HBC, and their relationship(s) to MMP-2 activation and HBC metastasis. The relevance of collagen I in activation of MMP-2in vivo is discussed in terms of stromal cell: tumor cell interaction for collagen I deposition, MMP-2 production, and MMP-2-activation. Such cooperativity may existin vivo for MMP-2 participation in HBC dissemination. A more complete understanding of the regulation of MMP-2-activator by type I collagen may provide new avenues for improved diagnosis and prognosis of human breast cancer.

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  1. Hala Azzam

    Present address: Special Studies Group, Office of Director, Division of Cancer Etiology, NCI, NIH, Bldg 37, Rm 2D14, 9000 Rockville Pike, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA

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  1. Room S178, Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd, N.W., 20007, Washington, DC, USA

    Erik W. Thompson, Ming Yu, Jorge Bueno, Liang Jin, Sourindra N. Maiti, Fernando L. Palao-Marco, Helena Pulyaeva, Jeffrey W. Tamborlane, Reza Tirgari & Hala Azzam

  2. Department of Cell Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd, N.W., 20007, Washington, DC, USA

    Erik W. Thompson & Liang Jin

  3. Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place - CN 19, 08903-0019, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    Irene Wapnir

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Thompson, E.W., Yu, M., Bueno, J. et al. Collagen induced MMP-2 activation in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Tr 31, 357–370 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00666168

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