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Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

A survey among the members of the Swiss Medical Society of Manual Medicine

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Résumé

Une enquête a été entreprise auprès de tous les membres de la Société Médicale Suisse de Médecine Manuelle au cours de l'année 1989. 425 correspondants ont apporté des données instructives sur la fréquence des complications rachidiennes imputables aux manipulations vertébrales. Le nombre total des manipulations au cours de l'année 1989 (225 jours ouvrables), s'élevait pour chuque correspondant à 805 manipulations thoracolombaires et 354 manipulations cervicales. Par conséquent le nombre total de manipulations thoraco-lombaires s'élevait à 342 125 et celui des manipulations cervicales à 150 450. La fréquence globale des effects secondaires ou des complications transitoires dues aux manipulations du rachis cervical tels qu'une altération de la conscience ou l'installation de signes radiculaires a été de 1:16716. 17 patients (1:20 125) ont présenté après une manipulation du rachis lombaire, en plus de l'accentuation de l'intensité douloureuse, un déficit sensitivomoteur de topographie radiculaire précise. Neuf parmi ces 17 patients (1:38013) ont développé un syndrome radiculaire progressif avec un déficit sensitivo-moteur et une hernie discale mise en évidence par l'imagerie, nécessitant une intervention chirurgicale. Les effets secondaires et les comlications des manipulations cervicales et lombaires sont rares. Si l'on prend en compte le nombre annuel de manipulations effectuées en Suisse par un seul médecin et le taux de complications, on peut calculer qu'un médecin pratiquant la médecine manuelle, verra une complication due à une manipulation du rachis cervical en 47 années d'exercice individuel et une complication due à une manipulation du rachis lombaire en 38 années d'exercice. Cependant, il est important d'effectuer une évaluation clinique soigneuse afin d'éviter les complications dues à des indications inappropriées. Aussi la décision de la technique à mettre en œuvre dans un trouble fonctionnel donné du rachis, doit être prise sur des critères rationnels basés sur la connaissance de la biomécanique clinique, de l'anatomie fonctionnelle et de la neurophysiologie. Les auteurs recommandent une étude prospective de la morbidité, entreprise chez les médecins, chiropractors, ostéopathes et kinésithérapeutes, et prenant en compte les différentes indications et techniques thérapeutiques rapportées à leurs complications.

Summary

A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.

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Dvořák, J., Loustalot, D., Baumgartner, H. et al. Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine. Eur Spine J 2, 136–139 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301410

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