Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A case-control study of dietary intake of renal stone patients

II. Urine biochemistry and stone analysis

  • Originals
  • Published:
Urological Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The dietary intakes of 88 renal stone cases and 88 age and sex matched controls were assessed by dietary history using a standardised questionnaire. The stone cases were divided into six subgroups established on the basis of urine biochemistry (calcium, oxalate and uric acid) and stone composition. The average intake of each group was then compared with that of their controls using standard statistical procedures. Cases with idiopathic calcium oxalate stones had significantly lower intakes of dietary fibre, noncellulose polysaccharide, phytate, magnesium, phosphate and thiamine than controls. No significant difference in dietary intake was found between cases with high urinary calcium and uric acid and their respective controls. All cases with a high urinary oxalate had a significantly higher intake of vitamin C than controls. Our results support the belief that dietary intake is an important pre-urinary risk factor of idiopathic renal stone disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anderson DA (1973) Environmental factors in the aetiology of urolithiasis. In: Cifuentes Delatte L, Ropado A, Hodgkinson A (eds) Urinary calculi. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Renal Stone Research, Madrid. Karger, Basel, pp 130–144

    Google Scholar 

  2. Blacklock NJ (1979) In: Wickham JAE (ed) Urinary calcalous disease. Churchill Livingstone, London, pp 24, 32–36

    Google Scholar 

  3. Briggs MH (1973) Urinary oxalate and vitamin C supplementation. Lancet II:201

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brockis JG, Levitt AJ, Cruthers SM (1982) The effects of vegetable and animal protein diets on calcium, urate and oxalate excretion. Br J Urol 54:590

    Google Scholar 

  5. Coe FL (1978) Calcium-uric acid nephrolithiasis. Arch Int Med 138:1090

    Google Scholar 

  6. Coe FL, Moran E, Kavalach AG (1976) The contribution of dietary purine over consumption to hyperuricosuria in calcium oxalate stone formers. J Chronic Dis 29:793

    Google Scholar 

  7. Costello J, Hatch M, Bourke E (1976) An enzymatic method for the spectrophotometric determination of oxalic acid. J Lab Clin Med 87:903

    Google Scholar 

  8. Edwards NA, Russell RGG, Hodgkinson A (1965) The effect of oral phosphate in patients with recurrent renal calculus. Br J Urol 37:390

    Google Scholar 

  9. Faber SR, Feitler WW, Bleiler RE, Ohlson MA, Hodges RE (1963) The effects of an induced pyridoxine and pantothenic acid deficiency on excretions of oxalic and xanthurenic acid in the urine. Am J Clin Nutr 12:406

    Google Scholar 

  10. Finlayson B (1974) Renal lithiasis in review. Urol Clin North Am 1:181

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fituri N, Allawi N, Bently M, Costello J (1983) Urinary and plasma oxalate during ingestion of pure ascorbic acid: A reevaluation. Eur Urol 9:312

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gear JSS, Ware A, Fursdon P, Mann JI, Nolan DJ, Brodribb AJM, Vessey MP (1979) Symptomless diverticular disease and intake of dietary fibre. Lancet I:511

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gindler EM, Heth DA (1971) Colorimetric determination with bound calmagite of magnesium in human blood serum. Clin Chem 17:662

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gindler EM, Ishizaki RT (1969) Rapid semimicro colormetric determination of phosphorus in serum and non-ionic surfactants. Clin Chem 15:807

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gindler EM, King JD (1972) Rapid colormetric determination of calcium in biological fluids with Methylthymol Blue. Am J Clin Pathol 58:376

    Google Scholar 

  16. Griffith HM, O'Shea B, Keogh G, Kevany JP (1985) A case-control study of dietary intake of renal stone patients. I. Preliminary Analysis. Urol Res 14:67–74

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gutman AB, YU TF (1968) Uric acid nephrolithiasis. Am J Med 45:756

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hagler L, Herman RH (1973) Oxalate metabolism II. Am J Clin Nutr 26:882

    Google Scholar 

  19. Heaton KW, Pomare EW (1974) Effect of bran on blood lipids and calcium. Lancet I:49

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hodgkinson A (1978) Evidence of increased oxalate absorption in patients with calcium-containing renal stones. Clin Sci Molec Med 54:291

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hodgkinson A, Williams A (1972) An improved colorimetric procedure for urine oxalate. Clin Chim Acta 36:127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hodgkinson A, Zarembski PM (1968) Oxalic acid metabolism in man: A reviw. Calcif Tissue Res 2:115

    Google Scholar 

  23. Johansson G (1982) Magnesium and renal stone disease. Acta Med Scand (Suppl) 661:13

    Google Scholar 

  24. Keynes WM, Barnes BA, Gordan E, Cope O (1969) Metabolic study of hyperparathyroid and other renal stone formers using a very low intake of calcium and magnesium. Br J Surg 56:624

    Google Scholar 

  25. Leonard RH (1963) Quantitative range of Nesslers reagent with ammonia. Clin Chem 9:417

    Google Scholar 

  26. Licata AA, Bou E, Bartter FC, Cox J (1979) Effects of dietary protein on urinary calcium in normal subjects and in patients with nephrolithiasis. Metabolism 28:895

    Google Scholar 

  27. Marshall RW, Cochran M, Hodgkinson A (1972) Relationship between calcium and oxalic acid intake in the diet and their excretion in the urine of normal and renal stone-forming subjects. Clin Sci 43:91

    Google Scholar 

  28. Melnick I, Landces RR, Hoffman AA, Burch JF (1971) Magnesium therapy for recurring calcium oxalate urinary calculi. J Urol 105:119

    Google Scholar 

  29. Menon M, Mahle CJ (1982) Oxalate metabolism and renal calculi. J Urol 127:148

    Google Scholar 

  30. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (1960) Statistical Bulletin No 41, 6, 1

  31. Modlin M (1967) The aetiology of renal stone: A new concept arising from studies on a stone-free population. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 40:155

    Google Scholar 

  32. Modlin M (1980) Urinary phosphorylated inositols and renal stone. Lancet II:1113

    Google Scholar 

  33. Muldowney FP, Freaney R, Moloney M (1982) Importance of dietary calcium in the definition of hypercalciuria. Kidney Int 22:292

    Google Scholar 

  34. Pak CYC, Barilla DE, Holt K, Brinklex L, Tolentino R, Zerwekh JE (1978) Effect of oral purine load and allopurinol on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine of patients with hyperuricosuric calcium uriolithiasis. Am J Med 65:593

    Google Scholar 

  35. Peacock M, Hodgkinson A, Nordin BEC (1967) Importance of dietary calcium in the definition of hypercalciuria. Br Med J 3:469

    Google Scholar 

  36. Peacock M, Nordin BEC (1968) Tubular reabsorption of calcium in normal and hypercalciuric subjects. J Clin Pathol 21:353

    Google Scholar 

  37. Peacock M, Robertson WG (1980) Renal calculi. Medicine Ireland June 27:1372

    Google Scholar 

  38. Praetorius E, Poulsen E (1953) Enzymatic determination of uric acid with detailed directions. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 5:273

    Google Scholar 

  39. Rao PN, Prendiville V, Buxton A, Moss DG, Blacklock NJ (1982) Dietary management of urinary risk factors in renal stone formers. Br J Urol 54:578

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ringsdorf WM Jr, Cheraskin E (1981) Nutritional aspects of urolithiasis. South Med J 74:41

    Google Scholar 

  41. Robertson WG, Peacock M (1980) The cause of idiopathic calcium stone disease: Hypercalciuria or hyperoxaluria. Nephron 26:105

    Google Scholar 

  42. Robertson WG, Peacock M, Heyburn PJ, Hanes FA, Rutherford A, Clementson E, Swaminathan R, Clark PB (1979b) Should recurrent calcium oxalate stone formers become vegetarians? Br J Urol 51:427

    Google Scholar 

  43. Robertson WG, Peacock M, Heyburn PJ, Marshall DH, Clark PB (1978) Risk factors in calcium stone disease of the urinary tract. Br J Urol 50:449

    Google Scholar 

  44. Robertson WG, Peacock M, Hodgkinson A (1979a) Dietary changes and the incidence of urinary calculi in the U.K. between 1958 and 1976. J Chronic Dis 32:469

    Google Scholar 

  45. Robertson WG, Peacock M, Marshall DH (1982) Prevalence of urinary stone disease in vegetarians. Eur Urol 8:334

    Google Scholar 

  46. Rofe AM, Conyers RAJ, Thomas DW (1981) Renal stone disease in South Australia. Med J Aust 8:158

    Google Scholar 

  47. Roth DA, Breitenfield RV (1977) Vitamin C and oxalate stones. J Am Med Assoc 237:768

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ryall R, Marshall VR (1983) The value of the 24-hour urinalysis in the assessment of renal stone formers attending a general hospital outpatient clinic. Br J Urol 55:1

    Google Scholar 

  49. Schmidt KH, Hagmaeur V, Hornig DH, Vuilleumier JP, Rutishauser G (1981) Urinary oxalate excretion after large intakes of ascorbic acid in man. Am J Clin Nutr 34:305

    Google Scholar 

  50. Shah PJR, Farren R (1981) Dietary calcium intake and idiopathic hypercalciuria. Lancet I:786

    Google Scholar 

  51. Shah PJR, Williams G, Green NA (1980) Idiopathic hypercalciuria: Its control with unprocessed bran. Br J Urol 52:426

    Google Scholar 

  52. Thom JA, Morris JE, Bishop A, Blacklock NJ (1978) The influence of refined carbohydrate on urinary calcium excretion. Br J Urol 50:459

    Google Scholar 

  53. Tiselius HG, Almgard LE, Larson L, Sorbo B (1978) A biochemical basis for grouping of patients with urolithiasis. Eur Urol 4:241

    Google Scholar 

  54. Trudeau DL, Frier EF (1967) Determination of calcium in urine and serum by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Clin Chem 13:101

    Google Scholar 

  55. Welshman SG, McGeown MG (1975) The relationship of the urinary cations, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in patients with renal calculi. Br J Urol 47:237

    Google Scholar 

  56. Wunderlich W (1981) Aspects of the influence of magnesium ions on the formation of calcium oxalate. Urol Res 9:157

    Google Scholar 

  57. Yendt ER (1970) Renal calculi. Can Med Assoc J 102:479

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Medicine, Meath Hospital, Dublin

    H. M. Griffith (Research Dietitian), B. O'Shea, M. Maguire, B. Keogh & J. P. Kevany

  2. Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Community Health, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

    H. M. Griffith (Research Dietitian), B. O'Shea, M. Maguire, B. Keogh & J. P. Kevany

Authors
  1. H. M. Griffith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. O'Shea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Maguire
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Keogh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. P. Kevany
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Griffith, H.M., O'Shea, B., Maguire, M. et al. A case-control study of dietary intake of renal stone patients. Urol. Res. 14, 75–82 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00257892

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00257892

Key words

Search

Navigation