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Genetic background and environment contribute synergistically to the onset of autoimmune diseases

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Abstract

Autoimmune diseases result from the breakdown of “self” tolerance. Environmental factors appear to be responsible for triggering this errant immune response, directed against self-tissue determinants, only when a susceptible genetic background is present in an individual. Autoimmune diseases, normally characterized by their association with certain HLA alleles, also share other features: the presence of autoantibodies, autoreactive T lymphocytes, and an intermittent clinical course of exacerbations and remissions. In cases of organ-specific diseases, as well as in cases of multi-system autoimmune diseases, viruses are increasingly implicated as such environmental triggers. Current molecular biology techniques have permitted a fine dissection of the genetic background of susceptible individuals and have enabled a more complete characterization of the immunocompetent cells involved in this autoaggression. Molecular approaches will soon allow us to pinpoint the characteristics of the environmental stimuli, so that protective strategies could be formulated to spare susceptible individuals from their ill effects.

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Abbreviations

AChR :

Acetylcholine receptor

EAE :

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

ERV :

Endogenous retrovirus

GAD :

Glutamic acid decarboxylase

HIV :

Human immunodeficiency virus

hsp :

Heat-shock protein

HTLV :

Human T cell leukemia virus

ICA :

Islet-cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies

IDDM :

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

JRA :

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

MBP :

Myelin basic protein

MHC :

Major histocompatibility complex

MMTV :

Mouse mammary tumor virus

NOD :

Nonobese diabetic

RA :

Rheumatoid arthritis

SLE :

Systemic lupus erythematosus

TCR :

T cell receptor

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  1. Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburg, School of Medicine, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    P. Luppi, M. R. Rossiello, S. Faas & M. Trucco

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Luppi, P., Rossiello, M.R., Faas, S. et al. Genetic background and environment contribute synergistically to the onset of autoimmune diseases. J Mol Med 73, 381–393 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00240137

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