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Impact of colour Doppler sonography on detection of thrombosis of the hepatic artery and the portal vein after liver transplantation

Bedeutung der farbdopplersonographie für die entdeckung einer thrombose der A. hepatica und der V. portae nach Lebertransplantation

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Abstract

Sixty patients who received 75 consecutive liver grafts and had routine Doppler sonography monitoring in the early postoperative period (three times a day) were reviewed for vascular complications. Thrombosis of the hepatic artery was detected in seven patients (3, 4, 20, 24, 48, 70 and 84 h after liver transplantation) and was then confirmed by emergency laparotomy in six cases. In one patient, thrombosis was verified by angiography before laparotomy. In two patients thrombectomy was successful, in five patients retransplantation had to be performed. Portal vein occlusion was detected in three patients (24, 26 and 90 h after transplantation) and all were successfully treated by thrombectomy and partial arterialization of the portal vein. Colour Doppler sonography was associated with no false-positive or -negative results. The specificity was 100% for the diagnosis of hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis. In our opinion colour Doppler sonography will be able to replace time-consuming angiography in vascular diagnostics in the early postoperative phase after liver transplantation. Furthermore, there is evidence that frequent use of this non-invasive technique permits early detection of clinically unsuspected vascular complications and subsequent immediate relaparotomy, which is linked to a reduction in the rate of retransplantation.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 60 Patienten nach Lebertransplantation (75 Transplantate) wurde in der ersten postoperativen Woche dreimal täglich eine farbcodierte Dopplersonographie zum Ausschluβ vaskulärer Komplikationen durchgeführt. Eine Thrombose der Leberarterie wurde bei 7 Patienten diagnostiziert (3, 4, 20, 24, 48, 70 und 84 h nach der Transplantation). Die Diagnose wurde intraoperativ bei Relaparotomie bestätigt, bei einem Patienten erfolgte vor der Revisionsoperation eine Angiographie. Zweimal war eine Thrombektomie der Leberarterie erfolgreich, bei fünf Patienten muβte retransplantiert werden. Eine Pfortaderthrombose wurde bei drei Patienten (24, 26 und 90 h nach der Transplantation) diagnostiziert. Immer war eine Thrombektomie mit partieller Arterialisierung der Pfortader erfolgreich. Falsch negative bzw. falsch positive Befunde wurden nicht erhoben, so daβ die farbcodierte Dopplersonographie mit einer hohen Sensitivität bei einer Spezifität von 100% in der Diagnose von Gefäßkomplikationen nach Lebertransplantation verbunden ist. In der Diagnostik von Gefäßkomplikationen während der frühen postoperativen Phase nach Lebertransplantationen kann die Angiographie durch die farbcodierte Dopplersonographie ersetzt werden. Die Diagnose insbesondere von klinisch noch nicht manifesten Gefäßkomplikationen ist durch engmaschigen Einsatz der Methode möglich und kann durch frühzeitige Relaparotomie zu einer Senkung der Retransplantationsrate führen.

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Hellinger, A., Stracke, A., Erhard, J. et al. Impact of colour Doppler sonography on detection of thrombosis of the hepatic artery and the portal vein after liver transplantation. Langenbecks Arch Chir 381, 182–185 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00187624

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