The mechanical properties of a composite material rely not only on the volume fraction, orientation and properties of the individual constituents, but upon their bonding interactions as well. This study examines the role of bonding between the mineral and organic constituents of bovine compact bone. Intact and completely demineralized samples were tested in tension following treatment in varying ionic strength sodium chloride or phosphate ion containing buffers to examine the interfacial bonding forces between bone's constituents. Phosphate ion treatment caused a reduction in the mechanical properties of intact samples but not in the demineralized samples. A sodium chloride solution with ionic strength equal to that of the phosphate ion buffer did not alter the mechanical properties of the intact or demineralized samples. Ash weight analysis, calcium probe measurements and SDS-gel electrophoresis indicated intact samples were not demineralized nor were bone structural proteins removed during treatment. Data suggest that the reduction in the mechanical properties of intact samples with phosphate ion treatment was due to an alteration in the interfacial bonding between the mineral and organic constituents of bone. Phosphate ions can compete with the negative domains of organic constituents for calcium binding sites of bone mineral and thereby interrupt or partially debond the interactions between the mineral and organic constituents of bone.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. L. KATZ, H. S. YOON, S. LIPSON R. MUHARIDGE, A. MEIMOER and P. CHRISTEL, Calcif. Tiss. Int. 36 (1984) S31.
A. S. POSNER and F. BETTS, Acct. Chem. Res. 8 (1975) 273.
S. SKINNER, in “The scientific basis of orthopaedics”, edited by J. Albright and R. A. Brand (Appleton-Century Crofts, New York, 1979).
S. T. LI and E. KATZ, New England J. Medicine 22 (1990) 275.
R. B. MARTIN and J. ISHIDA, J. Biomechanics 5 (1989) 419.
S. C. COWIN, in “Bone Mechanics”, edited by S. C. Cowin (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989) p. 97.
S. C. COWIN, W. C. VAN BURSKIRK and R. B. ASHAMN, in “Handbook of Bioengineering”, edited by R. Skalak and S. Chien (McGraw Hill, New York, 1987) p. 2.1.
J. D. CURREY, “The mechanical adaptations of bones” (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1984).
K. PIEKARSKI, ASME Technical Report No. T9-2.2 1969.
K. PIEKARSKI, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 11 (1973) 557.
R. B. MARTIN and D.B. BURR, “Structure, function and adaptation of compact bone” (Raven Press, New York, 1989).
A. H. BURSTEIN, J. M. ZIKA, K. G. HEIPLE and L. K. KLEIN, JBJS 57-A (1975) 956.
S. SAHA, J. Mater. Sci. 12 (1977) 1798.
S. S. GILMORE and J. L. KATZ, J. Mater. Sci. 17 (1982) 1131.
J. D. CURREY, Biorheology 2 (1964) 1.
Y.-C. CHEN and C.-Y. HUI, Mech. Mater. 10 (1990) 161.
K. J. BUNDY, in “Bone mechanics”, edited by S. C. Cowin (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989) p. 197.
K. J. BUNDY, Ann. Biomed. Engng. 13 (1985) 119.
C. C. CHAMIS, NASA Technical Note TND-6588, Washington, DC 1972.
D. HULL, “An introduction to composite materials” (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981).
Y. WANG, S. BACKER and V. C. LI, J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 4281.
M. J. GLIMCHER and S. M. KRANE, in “Treatise on collagen”, Vol. 2B, edited by G. N. RAMACHANDRAN and B. S. GOULD (Academic Press, New York, 1968) p. 68.
M. MARTIN, A. LAMURE, C. LACABANNE, C. BETIN and M. F. HARMARD, Biomaterials 11 (1990) 11.
E. D. SEDLIN and C. HIRSCH, Acta Orthop. Scand. 37 (1966) 29.
C. C. DANIELSEN, T. T. ANDREASSEN and L. MOSEKILDE, Calcif. Tiss. Int. 39 (1986) 69.
A. C. ABRAMS, T. S. KELLER and D. M. SPENGLER, J. Biomechanics 21 (1988) 755.
U. K. LAEMMLI, Nature 266 (1970) 680.
S. C. MILLER and W. S. S. JEE, Calcif. Tiss. Int. 41 (1987) 1.
J. D. CURREY and K. BREAR, Biomimetics 1 (1992) 103.
R. J. HUNTER, “Zeta potentials in colloid science (Academic Press, New York, 1981).
W. R. WALSH and N. GUZELSU, J. Orthop. Res. 9 (1990) 683.
A. HELENIUS and K. SIMONS, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 415 (1975) 29.
D. TRAGNER and A. CSORDAS, Biochem. J. 244 (1987) 605.
M. J. ROSEN, “Surfactants and interfacial phenomena” (New York, Wiley 1989).
F. G. EVANS, “Mechanical properties of bone” (C. C. Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1973).
G. BERNARDI and T. KAWASAKI, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 160 (1968) 301.
G. BERNARDI, M. GIRO and C. GAILLARD, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 278 (1972) 409.
E. GLUECKOUF and L. PATTERSON, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 315 (1974) 57.
E. C. MORENO, M. KRESAK and D. I. HAY, Arch. Oral Biol. 23 (1978) 525.
E. C. MORENO, M. KRESAK and D. I. HAY, Calcif. Tiss. Int. 36 (1984) 48.
N. GUZELSU and R. REGIMBAL, J. Biomechanics 23 (1990) 661.
N. GUZELSU and W. R. WALSH, J. Biomechanics 23 (1990) 673.
D. N. MISRA, in “Methods of calcified tissue preparation”, edited by G. R. Dickson (Elsevier, New York, 1984) p. 435.
R. GABLER, “Electrical interactions in molecular biophysics” (Academic Press, New York, 1978) p. 316.
Z. SALEEB and P. L. DEBRUYN, J. Electroanalytical Chem. 37 (1972) 99.
R. Z. LEGEROS and S. SUGA, Calcif. Tiss. Int. 32 (1980) 169.
R. Z. LEGEROS, L. SINGER, R. H. OPHAUG, G. QUIROLGICO, G. A. THEIN and J. P. LEGEROS, in “Osteoporosis”, edited by J. Menczel, G. C. Robin and R. Steinberg (J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982) p. 327.
E. I. F. PEARCE, Calcif. Tiss. Int. 33 (1981) 95.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Walsh, W.R., Ohno, M. & Guzelsu, N. Bone composite behaviour: effects of mineral-organic bonding. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 5, 72–79 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121694
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121694