Abstract
Human balance is commonly evaluated through the center of pressure (COP) displacement measured with a force plate, producing 2D time-series that represent COP trajectories in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Entropy measures have been previously used to quantify the regularity of those time-series in different groups and/or experimental conditions. However, these measures are computed using multiple input parameters, the selection of which has been scarcely investigated within this context. This study aimed to investigate the behavior of COP time-series entropy measures using different parameters values, in order to inform their selection. Specifically, we investigated Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), which are very sensitive to their input parameters: m (embedding dimension), r (tolerance) and N (length of data). A dataset containing COP time-series for 159 subjects with no physical disabilities was used. As a case study, subjects were grouped in young adults (age < 60, n = 85), and older adults (age ≥ 60) with (n = 18) and without (n = 56) history of falls. ApEn and SampEn were computed for m = {2, 3} and r = {0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5} with a fixed data length (N = 1200 points). ApEn and SampEn values were compared between groups using one-way ANOVA. Our results suggest that ApEn and SampEn are able to discriminate with ease between young and older adults for a wide range of m and r values. However, the selection becomes critical for the discrimination between non-fallers and fallers. An m = 2 and r = {0.4, 0.45} are suggested in this case.
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Acknowledgements
The work of L. Montesinos was supported by CONACyT (the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology). The work of R. Castaldo was supported by the University of Warwick through the Institute of Advanced Study’s Early Career Fellowship.
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Montesinos, L., Castaldo, R., Pecchia, L. (2019). Selection of Entropy-Measure Parameters for Force Plate-Based Human Balance Evaluation. In: Lhotska, L., Sukupova, L., Lacković, I., Ibbott, G. (eds) World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2018. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 68/2. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9038-7_59
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