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Xylosyltransferase I, II (XYLT1,2)

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Handbook of Glycosyltransferases and Related Genes

Abstract

Proteoglycans (PGs) impact many fundamental biological processes, including cytokine and growth factor function, morphogen gradient formation, co-receptor activity, and basement membrane homeostasis. All cells produce PGs. These glycoconjugates are cell surface associated, stored in intracellular granules, or secreted into the extracellular space. Although cells can survive without the assembly of glycosaminoglycan chains (GAGs) on core proteins (Esko et al. 1985), multicellular organization and subsequent differentiation in processes such as gastrulation are entirely dependent on PGs (Lin et al. 2000). This highlights the significant role that PGs have in intercellular communications. The addition of xylose is thought rate limiting for GAG chain assembly on the core protein. Not all core proteins are consistently modified, and these molecules are referred to as part-time PGs (Fig. 40.1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    Dr. Myron E. Hinsdale

Authors
  1. Dr. Myron E. Hinsdale
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Correspondence to Myron E. Hinsdale .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan

    Naoyuki Taniguchi

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University, Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

    Koichi Honke

  3. Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

    Minoru Fukuda

  4. Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Hisashi Narimatsu

  5. RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan

    Yoshiki Yamaguchi

  6. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

    Takashi Angata

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Hinsdale, M.E. (2014). Xylosyltransferase I, II (XYLT1,2). In: Taniguchi, N., Honke, K., Fukuda, M., Narimatsu, H., Yamaguchi, Y., Angata, T. (eds) Handbook of Glycosyltransferases and Related Genes. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54240-7_40

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