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Bacterial Endotoxin: Chemical Constitution, Biological Recognition, Host Response, and Immunological Detoxification

  • Chapter
Pathology of Septic Shock

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 216))

Abstract

The discovery of endotoxin dates from the late nineteenth century when Richard Pfeiffer, then working in Berlin, characterized endotoxins as heat-stable and cell-associated molecules (Westphal et al. 1977), thus distinguishing them from the heat-labile and proteinous exotoxins which are actively secreted by bacteria (Bhakdi et al. 1994). They were first found to be produced by Vibrio cholerae bacteria and later by Salmonella and Serratia. Endotoxins, due to their various potent biological activities soon attracted worldwide scientific interest. Initial chemical analyses of purified endotoxin indicated that it consists essentially of polysaccharide and lipid, and it was therefore termed lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Today the terms endotoxin (Wolff 1904) and lipopolysaccharide (Shear and Turner 1943) are used synonymously for the same molecule.

Dedicated to our friend and esteemed colleague, Professor Roland Schauer, University of Kiel, Germany, on the occasion of his 60th birthday (April 8, 1996).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forschungszentrum Borstel, Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Parkallee 22, 23845, Borstel, Germany

    E. T. Rietschel, H. Brade, O. Holst, L. Brade, S. Müller-Loennies, U. Mamat, U. Zähringer, F. Beckmann, U. Seydel, K. Brandenburg, A. J. Ulmer, T. Mattern, H. Heine, J. Schletter, H. Loppnow, U. Schönbeck & H.-D. Flad

  2. lnstitut für Zoologie und Immunbiologie, Universität Leipzig, Talstr. 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    S. Hauschildt

  3. Zentrum für Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany

    U. F. Schade

  4. Sandoz, Preclinical Research, Kohlenstr., 4002, Basel, Switzerland

    F. Di Padova

  5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Osaka University, Japan

    S. Kusumoto

  6. Abteilung für Onkologie und Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany

    R. R. Schumann

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  1. Forschungszentrum Borstel, Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Parkallee 22, D-23845, Borstel, Germany

    E. T. Rietschel

  2. Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 9, D-81675, München, Germany

    Hermann Wagner

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Rietschel, E.T. et al. (1996). Bacterial Endotoxin: Chemical Constitution, Biological Recognition, Host Response, and Immunological Detoxification. In: Rietschel, E.T., Wagner, H. (eds) Pathology of Septic Shock. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 216. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80186-0_3

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