Abstract
The Campylobacteraceae is the largest and most diverse family in the phylogenetically distinct Epsilonproteobacteria, presently comprising the genera Campylobacter (30 taxa), Arcobacter (17 taxa), and Sulfurospirillum (7 taxa). Individual species may be able to grow in microaerobic, anaerobic, and/or aerobic conditions, in temperatures from 25 °C to 42 °C; free-living, commensal, or pathogenic; motile or aflagellate; and able to colonize the oral cavity, intestine, stomach, or reproductive tracts of humans, large production animals (such as sheep, cattle, and deer), birds, and reptiles. Some species are known to be among the most frequent causes of human gastroenteritis, others are significant threats to bovine and ovine fertility, and many pose an as-yet unknown, or no, role in human or animal diseases. The taxonomy of the Campylobacteraceae has evolved extensively since its beginnings in 1963. This chapter outlines key events in the family’s taxonomic history; reviews general phenotypic traits of each genus, including their isolation; outlines the clinical (including pathogenicity studies and antimicrobial resistance traits) and/or ecological significance of constituent species; and describes current approaches and challenges for species identification and epidemiological subtyping.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aabenhus R, Permin H, On SLW, Andersen LP (2002) Prevalence of Campylobacter concisus in diarrhoea of immunocompromised patients. Scand J Infect Dis 34:248–252
Aabenhus R, On SL, Siemer BL, Permin H, Andersen LP (2005) Delineation of Campylobacter concisus genomospecies by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and correlation of results with clinical data. J Clin Microbiol 43:5091–5096
Aarestrup FM, Nielsen EM, Madsen M, Engberg J (1997) Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from humans, pigs, cattle, and broilers in Denmark. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41:2244–2250
Abdelbaqi K, Buissonnière A, Prouzet-Mauleon V, Gresser J, Wesley I, Mégraud F, Ménard A (2007a) Development of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR to detect Arcobacter species. J Clin Microbiol 45:3015–3021
Abdelbaqi K, Ménard K, Prouzet-Mauleon V, Bringaud F, Lehours P, Mégraud F (2007b) Nucleotide sequence of the gyrA gene of Arcobacter species and characterization of human ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 49:337–345
Abuoun M, Manning G, Cawthraw SA, Ridley A, Ahmed IH, Wassenaar TM, Newell DG (2005) Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT)-negative Campylobacter jejuni strains and anti-CDT neutralizing antibodies are induced during human infection but not during colonization in chickens. Infect Immun 73:3053–3062
Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Yang X-H, Nachamkin I (1990) Infection of Syrian hamsters with flagellar variants of Campylobacter jejuni. Infect Immun 58:2214–2219
Alderton MR, Korolik V, Coloe PJ, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ (1995) Campylobacter hyoilei sp. nov., associated with porcine proliferative enteritis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:61–66
Ali A, Soares SC, Santos AR, Guimarães LC, Barbosa E, Almeida SS, Abreu VA, Carneiro AR, Ramos RT, Bakhtiar SM, Hassan SS, Ussery DW, On S, Silva A, Schneider MP, Lage AP, Miyoshi A, Azevedo V (2012) Campylobacter fetus subspecies: comparative genomics and prediction of potential virulence targets. Gene 508:145–156
Alispahic M, Hummel K, Jandreski-Cvetkovic D, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Hess M, Hess C (2010) Species-specific identification and differentiation of Arcobacter, Helicobacter and Campylobacter by full-spectral matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. J Med Microbiol 59:295–301
Allos BM, Lastovica AJ (2011) Campylobacter infections. In: Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF (eds) Tropical infectious diseases, 3rd edn. Elsevier, New York, pp 145–149
Andersen MM, Wesley IV, Nestor E, Trampel DW (2007) Prevalence of Arcobacter species in market-weight commercial turkeys. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 92:309–317
Anderson KF, Kiehlbauch JA, Anderson D, McClure HM, Wachsmuth IK (1993) Arcobacter (Campylobacter) butzleri-associated diarrheal illness in a nonhuman primate population. Infect Immun 61:2220–2223
Atabay HI, Corry JE (1997) The prevalence of campylobacters and arcobacters in broiler chickens. J Appl Microbiol 86:619–626
Atabay HI, Corry JE (1998) The isolation and prevalence of campylobacters from dairy cattle using a variety of methods. J Appl Microbiol 84:733–740
Atabay HI, Waino M, Madsen M (2006) Detection and diversity of various Arcobacter species in Danish poultry. Int J Food Microbiol 109:139–145
Axelsson-Olsson D, Svensson L, Olofsson J, Salomon P, Waldenström J, Ellström P, Olsen B (2010) Increase in acid tolerance of Campylobacter jejuni through coincubation with amoebae. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:4194–4200
Baré J, Sabbe K, Huws S, Vercauteren D, Braekmans K, van Gremberghe I, Favoreel H, Houf K (2010) Influence of temperature, oxygen, and bacterial strain identity on the association of Campylobacter jejuni with Acanthamoeba castellanii. FEMS Microbial Ecol 74:371–381
Bastyns K, Cartuyvels D, Chapelle S, Vandamme P, Goossens H, De Wachter R (1995a) A variable 23S rRNA region is a useful discriminating target for genus-specific and species-specific PCR amplification in Arcobacter species. Syst Appl Microbiol 18:353–356
Bastyns K, Chapelle S, Vandamme P, Goossens H, De Wachter R (1995b) Specific detection of Campylobacter concisus by PCR amplification of 23S rDNA areas. Mol Cell Probes 9:247–250
Bastyns K, Chapelle S, Vandamme P, Goossens H, De Wachter R (1995c) Species-specific detection of campylobacters important in veterinary medicine by PCR amplification of 23S rDNA areas. Syst Appl Microbiol 17:563–568
Benjamin J, Leaper S, Owen RJ, Skirrow MB (1983) Description of Campylobacter laridis, a new species comprising the nalidixic acid resistant thermophilic Campylobacter (NARTC) group. Curr Microbiol 8:231–238
Bessede E, Solecki O, Sifre E, Labadi L, Megraud F (2011) Identification of Campylobacter species and related organisms by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Clin Microbiol Infect 17:1735–1739
Black RE, Levine MM, Clements ML, Hughes TP, Blaser MJ (1988) Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans. J Infect Dis 157:472–479
Blaser MJ, Engberg J (2008) Clinical aspects of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infections. In: Nachamkin I, Szymanski CM, Blaser MJ (eds) Campylobacter, 3rd edn. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 99–121
Blaser MJ, Smith PF, Repine JE, Joiner KA (1988) Pathogenesis of Campylobacter fetus infections. Failure of encapsulated Campylobacter fetus to bind C3b explains serum and phagocytosis resistance. J Clin Invest 81:1434–1444
Bolton FJ, Coates D, Hutchinson DN, Godfree AF (1987) A study of thermophilic Campylobacter in a river system. J Appl Bacteriol 62:167–176
Bolton FJ, Surman SB, Martin K, Wareing DR, Humphrey TJ (1999) Presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in sand from bathing beaches. Epidemiol Infect 122:7–13
Bouchet V, Huot H, Goldstein R (2008) Molecular genetic basis of ribotyping. Clin Microbiol Rev 21:262–273
Bourke B, Sherman PM, Woodward D, Lior H, Chan VL (1996) Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicates genotypic heterogeneity among Campylobacter upsaliensis strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 143:57–61
Bourke B, Chan VL, Sherman P (1998) Campylobacter upsaliensis: waiting in the wings. Clin Microbiol Rev 11:440–449
Bremell T, Bjelle A, Svedhem Å (1991) Rheumatic symptoms following an outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis: a five year follow up. Ann Rheum Dis 50:934–938
Bright JJ, Claydon MA, Soufian M, Gordon DB (2002a) Rapid typing of bacteria using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry 9and pattern recognition software. J Microbiol Methods 48:127–138
Bright JJ, Sutton HE, Edwards-Jones V, Dare DJ, Keys CJ, Shah H, McKenna T, Wells G, Lunt M, Devine DA (2002b) Rapid identification of anaerobic bacteria using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In: Poster presented at the 10th International Union of Microbiological Societies Congress, downloaded from http://www.micromass.co.uk/litpdf/MMP239.pdf
Brightwell G, Mowat E, Clemens R, Boerema J, Pulford DJ, On SL (2007) Development of a multiplex and real time PCR assay for the specific detection of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus. J Microbiol Methods 68:318–325
Bryner JH, O’Berry PA, Frank AH (1964) Vibrion infection of the digestive organs of cattle. Am J Vet Res 25:1048–1050
Bücker R, Troeger J, Kleer J, Fromm M, Schultzke JD (2009) Arcobacter butzleri induces barrier dysfunction in intestinal HT-29/B6 cells. J Infect Dis 200:756–764
Burnens AP, Nicolet J (1992) Detection of Campylobacter upsaliensis in diarrheic dogs and cats, using a selective medium with cefoperazone. Am J Vet Res 53:48–51
Butzler J-P (1984) Campylobacter infection in man and animals. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Butzler J-P, Dekeyser P, Detrain M, Dehaen F (1973) Related Vibrio in stools. J Paediatr 82:493–495
Carbone M, Maugeri TL, Giannone M, Gugliandolo C, Miliri A, Fera MT (2003) Adherence of environmental Arcobacter butzleri and Vibrio spp. isolates to epithelial cells in vitro. Food Microbiol 20:611–616
Cardarelli-Leite P, Blom K, Patton CM, Nicholson MA, Steigerwalt AG, Hunter SB, Brenner DJ, Barrett TJ, Swaminathan B (1996) Rapid identification of Campylobacter species by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a PCR-amplified fragment of the gene coding for 16S rRNA. J Clin Microbiol 34:62–67
Carrillo CL, Atterbury RJ, El-Shibiny A, Connerton PL, Dillon E, Scott A, Connerton IF (2005) Bacteriophage therapy to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization of broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:6554–6563
Carter JE, Cimolai N (1996) Hemolytic–uremic syndrome associated with acute Campylobacter upsaliensis gastroenteritis. Nephron 74:489
Carvalho CM, Gannon BW, Halfhide DE, Santos SB, Hayes CM, Roe JM, Azeredo J (2010) The in vivo efficacy of two administration routes of a phage cocktail to reduce numbers of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in chickens. BMC Microbiol 10:232
Carvalho CM, Kropinski AM, Lingohr EJ, Santos SB, King J, Azeredo J (2012) The genome and proteome of a Campylobacter coli bacteriophage vB_CcoM-IBB_35 reveal unusual features. Virol J 9:35
Cavalier-Smith T (2002) The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:7–76
Chaban B, Ngeleka M, Hill JE (2010) Detection and quantification of 14 Campylobacter species in pet dogs reveals an increase in species richness in feces of diarrheic animals. BMC Microbiol 10:73–79
Chai LC, Ghazali FM, Baker FA, Lee HY, Suhaimi LR, Talib SA, Nakaguchi Y, Nishibuchi M, Radu S (2009) Occurrence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. contamination on vegetables farms in Malaysia. J Microbiol Biotechnol 19:1415–1420
Chinivasagam HN, Wright BG, Diallo IS, Blackall PJ (2007) Detection of Arcobacter spp. in piggery effluent and effluent-irrigated soils in southeast Queensland. J Appl Microbiol 103:418–426
Cody WL, Wilson JW, Hendrixson DR, McIver KS, Hagman KE, Ott CM, Nickerson CA, Schurr MJ (2008) Skim milk enhances the preservation of thawed −80°C bacterial stocks. J Microbiol Methods 75:135–138
Collado L, Figueras MJ (2011) Taxonomy, epidemiology, and clinical relevance of the genus Arcobacter. Clin Microbiol Rev 24:174–192
Collado L, Inza I, Guarro J, Figueras MJ (2008) Presence of Arcobacter spp. in environmental waters correlates with high levels of fecal pollution. Environ Microbiol 10:1635–1640
Collado L, Cleenwerck I, Van Trappen S, De Vos P, Figueras MJ (2009a) Arcobacter mytili sp. nov., and indoxyl acetate-hydrolysis-negative bacterium isolated from mussels. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:1391–1396
Collado L, Guarro J, Figueras MJ (2009b) Prevalence of Arcobacter in meat and shellfish. J Food Prot 72:1102–1106
Collado L, Levican A, Perez J, Figueras MJ (2011) Arcobacter defluvii sp. nov. isolated from sewerage samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:2155–2161
Cone LA, Dreisbach PB, Hirschber J, Shekar C, Dreisbach LP, Salatich W (2003) Cellulitis and septic arthritis caused by Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter jejuni: report of 2 cases and a review of the literature. J Clin Rheumatol 9:362–369
Connerton PL, Timms AR, Connerton IF (2011) Campylobacter bacteriophages and bacteriophage therapy. J Appl Microbiol 111:255–265
Cooper KK, Cooper MA, Zuccolo A, Law B, Joens LA (2011) Complete genome sequence of Campylobacter jejuni strain S3. J Bacteriol 193:1491–1492
Corbeil LB, Schurig GG, Duncan JR, Wilkie BN, Winter AJ (1981) Immunity in the female bovine reproductive tract based on the response to “Campylobacter fetus”. Adv Exp Med Biol 137:729–743
Cornelius AJ, Chambers S, Aitken J, Horn B, On SLW (2012) Epsilonproteobacteria in humans, New Zealand. Emerging Infect Dis 18:510–512
Corry JE, Post DE, Colin P, Laisney MJ (1995) Culture media for the isolation of campylobacters. Int J Food Microbiol 26:43–76
Costas M, Owen RJ, Jackman PJH (1987) Classification of Campylobacter sputorum and allied campylobacters based on numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns. Syst Appl Microbiol 9:125–131
Cróinín TÓ, Backert S (2012) Host epithelial cell invasion by Campylobacter jejuni: trigger or zipper mechanism? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2:25. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00025, Published online
Dasti JI, Tareen AM, Lugert R, Zautner AE, Grosse U (2010) Campylobacter jejuni: a brief overview on pathogenicity-associated factors and disease-mediating mechanisms. Int J Med Microbiol 300:205–211
de Boer P, Duim B, Rigter A, van der Plas J, Jacobs-Reitsma WF, Wagenaar JA (2000) Computer-assisted analysis and epidemiological value of genotyping methods for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Clin Microbiol 38:1940–1946
de Haan CP, Lampén K, Corander J, Hänninen ML (2013) Multilocus sequence types of environmental Campylobacter jejuni isolates and their similarities to those of human, poultry and bovine C. jejuni isolates. Zoonoses Public Health 60(2):125–133. doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01525.x
de Oliveira SJ, Baetz AL, Wesley IV, Harmon KM (1997) Classification of Arcobacter species from aborted pig fetuses and sows with reproductive problems in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 57:347–354
De Smet S, Vandamme P, De Zutter L, On SL, Douidah L, Houf K (2011) Arcobacter trophiarum sp. nov., isolated from fattening pigs. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:356–361
De Vries JJ, Arents NL, Manson WL (2008) Campylobacter species isolated from extra-oro-intestinal abscesses: a report of four cases and literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 27:1119–1123
Debruyne L, On SL, de Brandt E, Vandamme P (2009) Novel Campylobacter lari-like bacteria from humans and molluscs:description of Campylobacter peloridis sp. nov., Campylobacter lari subsp. concheus subsp. nov. and Campylobacter lari subsp. lari subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Micribiol 59:1126–1132
Debruyne L, Broman T, Bergström S, Olsen B, On SL, Vandamme P (2010) Campylobacter volucris sp. nov., isolated from black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1870–1875
Dep MS, Mendz GL, Trend MA, Coloe PJ, Fry BN, Korolik V (2001) Differentiation between Campylobacter hyoilei and Campylobacter coli using genotypic and phenotypic analyses. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:819–826
Diker KS, Diker S, Ozlem MB (1990) Bovine diarrhea associated with Campylobacter hyointestinalis. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 37:158–160
Dingle KE, Colles FM, Wareing DR, Ure R, Fox AJ, Bolton FE, Bootsma HJ, Willems RJ, Urwin R, Maiden MC (2001) Multilocus sequence typing system for Campylobacter jejuni. J Clin Microbiol 39:14–23
Doig P, Yao R, Burr DH, Guerry P, Trust TJ (1996) An environmentally regulated pilus-like appendage involved in Campylobacter pathogenesis. Mol Microbiol 20:885–894
Donachie SP, Bowman JP, On SL, Alam M (2005) Arcobacter halophilus sp. nov., the first obligate halophile in the genus Arcobacter. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1271–1277
Doyle LP (1948) The etiology of swine dysentery. Am J Vet Res 9:50–51
Duim B, Vandamme P, Rigter A, Laevens S, Dijkstra JR, Wagenaar JA (2001) Differentiation of Campylobacter species by AFLP fingerprinting. Microbiology 147:2729–2737
El-Shibiny A, Scott A, Timms A, Metawea Y, Connerton P, Connerton I (2009) Application of a group II Campylobacter bacteriophage to reduce strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli colonizing broiler chickens. J Food Prot 72:733–740
Engberg J, On SLW, Harrington CS, Gerner-Smidt P (2000) Prevalence of Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter, and Sutterella spp. in human fecal samples as estimated by a reevaluation of isolation methods for campylobacters. J Clin Microbiol 38:286–291
Engberg J, Bang DD, Aabenhus R, Aarestrup FM, Fussing V, Gerner-Smidt P (2005) Campylobacter concisus: an evaluation of certain phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Clin Microbiol Infect 11:288–295
Escherich T (1886) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Darmbacterien. III. Über das Vorkommen von Vibrionen im Darmcanal und den Stuhlängen der Säuglinge. Munch Med Wochenschr 33:815–817, 833–835
Etoh Y, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ, Yamamoto A, Goto N (1993) Campylobacter showae sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity. Int J Syst Bacteriol 43:631–639
Eyers M, Chapelle S, Van Camp G, Goossens H, Wachter R (1993) Discrimination among thermophilic Campylobacter species by polymerase chain reaction amplification of 23S rRNA gene fragments. J Clin Microbiol 31:3340–3343
Farrugia DC, Eykyn SJ, Smyth EG (1994) Campylobacter fetus endocarditis: two case reports and review. Clin Infect Dis 18:443–446
Fera MT, Maugeri TL, Giannone M, Gugliandolo C, La Camera E, Blandino G, Carbone M (2003) In vitro susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus to different antimicrobial agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents 21:488–491
Fera MT, Maugeri TL, Gugliandolo C, Beninati C, Giannone M, La Camera E, Carbone M (2004) Detection of Arcobacter spp. in the coastal environment of the Mediterranean Sea. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:1271–1276
Fera MT, La Camera E, Carbone M, Malara D, Pennisi MG (2009) Pet cats as carriers of Arcobacter spp. in Southern Italy. J Appl Microbiol 106:1661–1666
Fermer C, Engvall EO (1999) Specific PCR identification and differentiation of the thermophilic campylobacters, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis. J Clin Microbiol 37:3370–3373
Fernandez H, Eller G, Paillacar J, Gajardo T, Riquelme A (1995) Toxigenic and invasive capabilities: possible pathogenic mechanisms in Arcobacter cryaerophilus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 90:633–634
Figueras MJ, Collado L, Levican A, Perez J, Solson MJ, Yustes MC (2011a) Arcobacter molluscorum sp. nov., a new species from shellfish. Syst Appl Microbiol 34:105–109
Figueras MJ, Levican A, Collado L, Inza MI, Yustes C (2011b) Arcobacter ellisii sp. nov., isolated from mussels. Syst Appl Microbiol 34:414–418
Finster K, Liesack W, Tindall BJ (1997) Sulfurospirillum arcachonense sp. nov., a new microaerophilic sulfur-reducing bacterium. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:1212–1217
Firehammer BD (1965) The isolation of vibrios from ovine feces. Cornell Vet 55:482–494
Florent A (1953) Isolement d’un vibrion saprophyte du sperme du Taureau et du vagin de la vache (Vibrio bubulus). C R Soc Biol 147:2066–2069
Flores BM, Fennell CL, Holmes KK, Stamm WE (1985) In vitro susceptibility of Campylobacter-like organisms to twenty antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 28:188–191
Flores BM, Fennell CL, Kuller L, Bronsdon MA, Morton WR, Stamm WE (1990) Experimental infection of pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with Campylobacter cinaedi and Campylobacter fennelliae. Infect Immun 58:3947–3953
Foster G, Holmes H, Steigerwalt AG, Lawson PA, Thorne P, Bryer DE, Ross HM, Xerry J, Thompson PM, Collins MD (2004) Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov., isolated from marine animals. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:2369–2373
Fourgeaux B, Lesage D, Faucqueur B (1977) [Human campylobacteriosis. Apropos of 6 cases]. Sem Hop 53:417–423, Article in French
Fouts DE, Mongodin EF, Mandrell RE, Miller WG, Rasko DA, Ravel J, Brinkae LM, DeBoy RT, Parker CT, Daugherty SC, Dodson RJ, Dirkin AS, Madupu R, Sullivan SA, Shetty JU, Ayodeji MA, Shvartsbeyn A, Schatz MC, Badger JH, Fraser CM, Nelson KE (2005) Major structural differences and novel potential virulence mechanisms from the genomes of multiple Campylobacter species. PLoS Biol 3(1):e15
Fox JG, Taylor NS, Edmonds P, Brenner DJ (1988) Campylobacter pylori subsp. mustelae, subsp. nov. isolated from the gastric mucosa of ferrets (Mustela putorius furo), and an emended description of Campylobacter pylori. Int J Syst Bacteriol 38:367–370
Fox JG, Maxwell KO, Taylor NS, Runsick CD, Edmonds P, Brenner J (1989) “Campylobacter upsaliensis” isolated from cats as identified by DNA relatedness and biochemical features. J Clin Microbiol 27:2376–2378
Friis C, Wassenaar TM, Javed MA, Snipen L, Lagesen K, Hallin PF, Newell DG, Toszeghy M, Ridley A, Manning G, Ussery DW (2010) Genomic characterization of Campylobacter jejuni strain M1. PLoS One 5(8):e12253. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012253
Frost JA, Kramer JM, Gillanders SA (1999) Phage typing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and its use as an adjunct to serotyping. Epidemiol Infect 123:47–55
Fujihara N, Takakura S, Saito T, Iinuma Y, Ichiyama S (2006) A case of perinatal sepsis by Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus infection successfully treated with carbapenem—case report and literature review. J Infect 53:e199–e202
Garcia MM, Eaglesome MD, Rigby C (1983) Campylobacters important in veterinary medicine. Vet Bull 53:793–818
Gardner TJ, Fitzgerald C, Xavier C, Klein R, Pruckler J, Stroika S, McLaughlin JB (2011) Outbreak of campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of raw peas. Clin Infect Dis 53:26–32
Gaynor EC, Szymanski CM (2012) The 30th anniversary of Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms workshops—what have we learned in three decades? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2:20. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00020
Ge B, Girard W, Zhao S, Friedman S, Gaines SA, Meng J (2006) Genotyping of Campylobacter spp. from retail meats by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping. J Appl Microbiol 100:175–184
Gebhart CJ, Ward GE, Chang K, Kurtz HJ (1983) Campylobacter hyointestinalis (new species) isolated from swine with lesions of proliferative enteritis. Am J Vet Res 44:361–367
Gebhart CJ, Edmonds P, Ward GE, Kurtz HJ, Brenner DJ (1985) “Campylobacter hyointestinalis” sp. nov.: a new species of Campylobacter found in the intestines of pigs and other animals. J Clin Micro 21:715–720
Glass RI, Stoll BJ, Huq MI, Struelens MJ, Blaser M, Kibriya AKMG (1983) Epidemiologic and clinical features of endemic Campylobacter jejuni infection in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 148:292–296
González A, Ferrús MA (2011) Study of Arcobacter spp. contamination in fresh lettuces detected by different cultural and molecular methods. Int J Food Microbiol 145:311–314
González A, Moreno Y, González R, Hernández J, Ferrús MA (2006) Development of a simple and rapid method based on polymerase chain reaction-based restriction length polymorphism analysis to differentiate Helicobacter, Campylobacter and Arcobacter species. Curr Microbiol 53:416–421
González A, Suski J, Ferrús MA (2010) Rapid and accurate detection of Arcobacter contamination in commercial chicken products and wastewater samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Foodborne Pathog Dis 7:327–338
Goodwin CS, Armstrong JA, Chilvers T, Peters M, Collins MD, Sly L, McConnell W, Harper WES (1989a) Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov. respectively. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:397–405
Goodwin CS, McConnell W, McCulloch RK, McCullough C, Hill R, Bronsdon MA, Kasper G (1989b) Cellular fatty acid composition of Campylobacter pylori from primates and ferrets compared with those of other campylobacters. J Clin Microbiol 27:938–943
Gorman R, Adley CC (2004) An evaluation of five preservation techniques and conventional freezing temperatures of −20°C and −85°C for long-term preservation of Campylobacter jejuni. Lett Appl Microbiol 38:306–310
Grajewski BA, Kusek JW, Gelfand HM (1985) Development of a bacteriophage-typing system for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Clin Microbiol 22:13–18
Grimont F, Grimont PAD (1986) Ribosomal ribonucleic-acid gene restriction patterns as potential taxonomic tools. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 137B:165–175
Guerrant RL, Lahita RG, Winn WC Jr, Roberts RB (1976) Campylobacteriosis in man: pathogenic mechanisms and review of 91 bloodstream infections. Am J Med 65:584–592
Gundogdu O, Bentley SD, Holden MT, Parkhill J, Dorrell N, Wren BW (2007) Re-annotation and re-analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 genome sequence. BMC Genomics 8:162
Gupta RS (1998) Protein phylogenies and signature sequences: a reappraisal of evolutionary relationships among archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 62:1435–1491
Gurgan T, Diker KS (1994) Abortion associated with Campylobacter upsaliensis. J Clin Microbiol 32:93–94
Hamill S, Neill SD, Madden RH (2008) A comparison of media for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from retail packs of beef. J Food Protect 71:850–854
Hamir AN, Sonn RJ, Franklin S, Wesley IV (2004) Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter species associated with intussusception in a raccoon (Procyon lotor). Vet Rec 155:338–340
Hammerl JA, Jackel C, Reetz J, Hertwig S (2012) The Complete genome sequence of bacteriophage CP21 reveals modular shuffling in Campylobacter Group II phages. J Virol 86:8896
Han Y-H, Smibert RM, Krieg NR (1989) Occurrence of sheathed flagella in Campylobacter cinaedi and Campylobacter fennelliae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:488–490
Han P, Zheng L, Cui ZS, Guo XC, Tian L (2009) Isolation, identification and diversity analysis of petroleum-degrading bacteria in Shengli Oil Field wetland soil. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao (Chinese) 20:1202–1208
Hänninen ML, Perko-Mäkelä P, Rautelin H, Duim B, Wagenaar JA (2001) Genomic relatedness within five common Finnish Campylobacter jejuni pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes studied by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, ribotyping, and serotyping. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:1581–1586
Hänninen M-L, Sarelli L, Sukura A, On SLW, Harrington CS, Matero P, Hirvelä-Koski V (2002) Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis, a common Campylobacter species in reindeer. J Appl Microbiol 92:717–723
Harrington CS, On SLW (1999) Extensive 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence diversity in Campylobacter hyointestinalis strains: taxonomic, and applied implications. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:1171–1175
Harrington CS, On SLW, Carter PE, Thomson-Carter FM (1999) Identification and discrimination of Campylobacter species by means of 16S rRNA gene PCR and RFLP analysis: evidence for 16S rRNA gene identity in C. jejuni and C. coli. In: Abstracts, 10th International workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and related organisms, 12–16 September 1999. Baltimore, USA. p 26, no. CD15
Harvey SM, Greenwood JR (1983) Probable Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus gastroenteritis. J Clin Microbiol 18:1278–1279
Harvey S, Greenwood JR (1985) Isolation of Campylobacter fetus from a pet turtle. J Clin Microbiol 21:260–261
Hermans D, Pasmans F, Messens W, Martel A, Van Immerseel F, Rasschaert G, Heyndrickx M, Van Deun K, Haesebrouck F (2012) Poultry as a host for the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 12(2):89–98
Hill BD, Thomas RJ, Mackenzie AR (1987) Campylobacter hyointestinalis-associated enteritis in Moluccan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis subsp. moluccensis). J Comp Pathol 97:687–694
Ho HT, Lipman LJ, Gaastra W (2006) Arcobacter, what is known and unknown about a potential foodborne zoonotic agent! Vet Microbiol 115:1–13
Ho HT, Lipman LJ, Hendriks HG, Tooten PC, Ultee T, Gaastra W (2007) Interaction of Arcobacter spp. with human and porcine intestinal epithelial cells. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 50:51–58
Ho TK, Lipman LJ, van der Graaf-van Bloois L, van Bergen M, Gaastra W (2006) Potential routes of acquisition of Arcobacter species by piglets. Vet Microbiol 114:123–133
Ho TW, Mishu B, Li CY, Gao CY, Cornblath DR, Griffin JW, Asbury AK, Blaser MJ, McKhann GM (1995) Guillain-Barré syndrome in northern China. Relationship to Campylobacter jejuni infection and anti-glycolipid antibodies. Brain 118:597–605
Hoffmann S, Batz MB, Morris JG Jr (2012) Annual cost of illness and quality-adjusted life years losses in the United States due to 14 foodborne pathogens. J Food Prot 75:1292–1302
Hofreuter D, Tsai J, Watson RO, Novik V, Altman B, Benitez M, Clark C, Perbost C, Jarvie T, Du L, Galán JE (2006) Unique features of a highly pathogenic Campylobacter jejuni strain. Infect Immun 74:4694–4707
Holliger C, Schraa G, Stams AJ, Zehnder AJ (1993) A highly purified enrichment culture couples the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene to growth. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:2991–2997
Houf K (2010) Arcobacter. In: Liu D (ed) Molecular detection of foodborne pathogens. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 289–305
Houf K, Stephan R (2007) Isolation and characterization of the emerging pathogen Arcobacter from human stool. J Microbiol Methods 68:408–413
Houf K, Tutenel A, De Zutter L, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P (2000) Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and identification of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 193:89–94
Houf K, Devriese IA, De Zutter I, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P (2001) Development of a new protocol for the isolation of Arcobacter from poultry products. Int J Food Microbiol 71:189–196
Houf K, On SL, Coenye T, Mast J, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P (2005) Arcobacter cibarius sp. nov., isolated from broiler carcasses. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:713–717
Houf K, De Smet S, Bare J, Daminet S (2008) Dogs as carriers of the emerging pathogen Arcobacter. Vet Microbiol 130:208–213
Houf K, On SL, Coenye T, De Bruyne L, De Smet S, Vandamme P (2009) Arcobacter thereius sp. nov., isolated from pigs and ducks. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:2599–2604
Hrabák J, Chudáčová E, Wailová R (2013) Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI–TOF) mass spectrometry for detection of antibiotic resistance mechanisms: from research to routine diagnosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 26:103–114
Hum S (1996) Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis: a diagnostic and economic perspective. In: Newell DG, Ketley JM, Feldman RA (eds) Campylobacters, Helicobacters, and related organisms. Plenum, Delaware, pp 355–358
Hum S, Quinn K, Brunner J, On SLW (1997) Evaluation of a PCR assay for identification and differentiation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies. Aust Vet J 75:827–831
Hurd S, Patrick M, Hatch J, Clogher P, Wymore K, Cronquist AB, Segler S, Robinson T, Hanna S, Smith G, Fitzgerald C (2012) Clinical laboratory practices for the isolation and identification of Campylobacter in foodborne diseases active surveillance network (FoodNet) sites: baseline information for understanding changes in surveillance data. Clin Infect Dis 54(Suppl):S440–S445. doi:10.1093/cid/cis245
Hurtado A, Owen RJ (1997) A molecular scheme based on 23S rRNA gene polymorphisms for rapid identification of Campylobacter and Arcobacter species. J Clin Microbiol 35:2401–2404
Inglis GD, Kalischuk LD (2003) Use of PCR for direct detection of Campylobacter species in bovine faeces. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:3345–3447
Inglis GD, Hoar BM, Whiteside DP, Morck DW (2007) Campylobacter canadensis sp. nov., from captive whooping cranes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:2636–2644
Inglis DG, McAllister TA, Larney FJ, Topp E (2010) Prolonged survival of Campylobacter species in bovine manure compost. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:1110–1119
Ismail Y, Mahendran V, Octavia S, Day AS, Riordan SM, Grimm MC, Lan RT, Lemberg D, Tran TAT, Zhang L (2012) Investigation of the enteric pathogenic potential of oral Campylobacter concisus strains isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 7(5):e38217. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038217
Israeli E, Agmon-Levin N, Blank M, Chapman J, Shoenfeld Y (2012) Guillian-Barré syndrome—a classical autoimmune disease triggered by infection or vaccination. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 42:121–130
Istivan TS, Coloe PJ, Fry BN, Ward P, Smith SC (2004) Characterization of a haemolytic phospholipase A(2) activity in clinical isolates of Campylobacter concisus. J Med Microbiol 53:483–493
Jacob J, Lior H, Feuerpfeil I (1993) Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri from a drinking water reservoir in eastern Germany. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed 193:557–562
Jacob J, Woodland D, Feuerpfeil I, Johnson WM (1998) Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri in raw water and drinking water treatment plants in Germany. Zentralblat Hyg Umweltmed 201:189–198
Jacob P, Mdegela RH, Nonga HE (2011) Comparison of Cape Town and Skirrow’s Campylobacter isolation protocols in humans and broilers in Morogoro, Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Prod 43:1007–1013
Jacobs-Reitsma W, Lyhs U, Wagenaar J (2008) Campylobacter in the food supply. In: Nachamkin I, Szymanski CM, Blaser MJ (eds) Campylobacter, 3rd edn. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 627–644
Jain D, Prasad KN, Sinha S, Husain N (2008) Differences in the virulence attributes between cytolethal distending toxin positive and negative Campylobacter jejuni strains. J Med Microbiol 57:267–272
Jakopanec I, Borgen K, Vold L, Lund H, Forseth T, Hannula R, Nygård K (2008) A large waterborne outbreak of campylobacteriosis in Norway: the need to focus on distribution system safety. BMC Infect Dis 8:128, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/8/128
Jay-Russell MT, Mandrell RE, Yuan J, Bates A, Manalac R, Mohle-Boetani J, Kimura A, Lidgard J, Miller WG (2013) Using MOMP typing as an epidemiological tool to investigate milk-borne Campylobacter jejuni outbreaks in California. J Clin Microbiol 51:195–201
Jiang ZD, Dupont HL, Brown EL, Nandy RK, Ramamurthy T, Sinha A, Ghosh S, Guin S, Gurleen K, Rodrigues S, Chen JJ, McKenzie R, Steffen R (2010) Microbial etiology of travelers’ diarrhea in Mexico, Guatemala and India: importance of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Arcobacter species. J Clin Microbiol 48:1417–1419
Jimenez DF, Perez AM, Carpenter TE, Martinez A (2011) Factors associated with infection by Campylobacter fetus in beef herds in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Prev Vet Med 101:152–162
John M, Rubick R, Schmitz RPH, Rakoczy J, Schubert T, Diekert G (2009) Retentive memory of bacteria: long-term regulation of dehalorespiration in Sulfurospirillum multivorans. J Bacteriol 191:1650–1655
Johnson CC, Finegold SM (1987) Uncommonly encountered, motile, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli associated with infection. Rev Infect Dis 9:1150–1162
Johnson LG, Murano EA (1999) Comparison of three protocols for the isolation of Arcobacter from poultry. J Food Prot 62:456–462
Johnson LG, Murano EA (2002) Lack of a cytolethal distending toxin among Arcobacter isolates from various sources. J Food Prot 65:1789–1795
Jokinen CC, Koot JM, Carillo CD, Gannon VP, Jardine CM, Mutschall SK, Topp E, Taboada EN (2012) An enhanced technique combining pre-enrichment and passive filtration increases the isolation efficiency of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from water and animal fecal samples. J Microbiol Methods 91:506–513. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2012.09.005
Jones FS, Orcutt M, Little RB (1931) Vibrios (Vibrio jejuni, n. sp.) associated with intestinal disorders of cows and calves. J Exp Med 53:853–867
Kaakoush NO, Man SM, Lamb S, Raftery MJ, Wilkins MR, Kovach Z, Mitchell H (2010) The secretome of Campylobacter concisus. FEBS J 7:1606–1617
Kaakoush NO, Deshpande NP, Wilkins MR, Tan CG, Burgos-Portugal JA, Raftery MJ, Day AS, Lemberg DA, Mitchell H (2011) The pathogenic potential of Campylobacter concisus strains associated with chronic intestinal diseases. PLoS One 6(12):e29045. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029045
Kalischuk LD, Inglis GD (2011) Comparative genotypic and pathogenic examination of Campylobacter concisus isolates from diarrheic and non-diarrheic humans. BMC Microbiol 11:53–66
Kamma JJ, Nakou M, Manti FA (1994) Microbiota of rapidly progressive periodontitis lesions in association with clinical parameters. J Periodontol 65:1073–1078
Kamma JJ, Nakou M, Baehni PC (1999) Clinical and microbiological characteristics of smokers with early onset periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 34:25–33
Kamma JJ, Diamanti-Kipioti A, Nakou M, Mitsis FJ (2000) Profile of subgingival microbiota in children with mixed dentition. Oral Microbiol Immunol 15:103–111
Kaur T, Singh J, Huffman MA, Petfželkova KJ, Taylor NS, Xu S, Dewhirst FE, Paster DJ, Debruyne L, Vandamme P, Fox JG (2011) Campylobacter troglodytis sp. nov., isolated from the feces of human-habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Tanzania. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:2366–2373
Kemp R, Leatherbarrow AL, Williams NJ, Hart CA, Clough HE, Turner J, Wright EJ, French NP (2005) Prevalence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. in environmental water samples from a 100-square-kilometer predominantly dairy farming area. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:1876–1882
Kendall ME, Crim S, Fullerton K, Han PV, Cronquist AB, Shiferaw B, Ingram LA, Rounds J, Mintz ED, Mahon BE (2012) Travel-associated enteric infections diagnosed after return to the United States, foodborne diseases active surveillance network (FoodNet), 2004–2009. Clin Infect Dis 54(Suppl 5):S480–S487
Khakhria R, Lior H (1992) Extended phage-typing scheme for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Epidemiol Infect 108:403–414
Kiehlbauch JA, Brenner DJ, Nicholson MA, Barker CN, Patton CM, Steigerwalt AG, Wachsmuth IK (1991) Campylobacter butzleri sp. nov. isolated from humans and animals with diarrheal illness. J Clin Microbiol 29:376–385
Kim HM, Hwang CY, Cho BC (2010) Arcobacter marinus sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:531–536
King EO (1957) Human infections with Vibrio fetus and a closely related vibrio. J Infect Dis 101:119–128
Kinzelman J, McLellan SL, Amick A, Preedit J, Scopel CO, Olapade O, Gradus S, Singh A, Sedmak G (2008) Identification of human enteric pathogens in gull feces at Southwestern Lake Michigan bathing beaches. Can J Microbiol 54:1006–1015
Kodama Y, Ha LT, Watanabe K (2007) Sulfurospirillum cavolei sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic sulfur-reducing bacterium isolated from an underground crude oil storage cavity. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:827–831
Koga M, Yuki N, Takahashi M, Saito K, Hirata K (1999) Are Campylobacter curvus and Campylobacter upsaliensis antecedent infectious agents in Guillain-Barré and Fisher’s syndromes? J Neurol Sci 1:53–57
Koziel M, Lucey B, Bullman S, Corcoran GD, Sleator RD (2012) Molecular-based detection of the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter ureolyticus in unpasteurized milk samples from two cattle farms in Ireland. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:1876–1882
Kropinski AM, Arutyunov D, Foss M, Cunningham A, Ding W, Singh A, Pavlov AR, Henry M, Evoy S, Kelly J, Szymanski CM (2011) Genome and proteome of Campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:8265–8271
Laanbroek HJ, Kingma W, Veldkamp H (1977) Isolation of an aspartate-fermenting, free-living Campylobacter species. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1:99–102
Larson CL, Christensen JE, Pacheco SA, Minnich SA, Konkel ME (2008) Campylobacter jejuni secretes proteins via the flagellar type III secretion system that contributes to host cell invasion and gastroenteritis. In: Nachamkin I, Szymanski CM, Blaser MJ (eds) Campylobacter, 3rd edn. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 315–332
Lastovica AJ (1996) Campylobacter/Helicobacter bacteraemia in Cape Town, South Africa, 1977–1995. In: Newell DG, Ketley JM, Feldman RA (eds) Campylobacters, Helicobacters and related organisms. Plenum, New York, pp 475–479
Lastovica AJ (2006) Emerging Campylobacter spp.: the tip of the iceberg. Clin Microbiol Newslett 28:49–56
Lastovica AJ (2009) Clinical relevance of Campylobacter concisus isolated from pediatric patients. J Clin Microbiol 47:2360
Lastovica AJ, Allos BM (2008) Clinical significance of Campylobacter and related species other than Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. In: Nachamkin I, Szymanski CM, Blaser MJ (eds) Campylobacter, 3rd edn. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 123–149
Lastovica AJ, le Roux E (2000) Efficient isolation of Campylobacteria from stools. J Clin Microbiol 38:2798–2799
Lastovica AJ, le Roux E (2003) Prevalence and optimal detection of Campylobacter upsaliensis in stools. Clin Infect Dis 36:1624–1625
Lastovica AJ, Skirrow MB (2000) Clinical significance of Campylobacter and related species other than Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. In: Nachamkin I, Blaser MJ (eds) Campylobacter, 2nd edn. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 89–120
Lastovica AJ, le Roux E, Penner JL (1989) “Campylobacter upsaliensis” isolated from blood cultures of pediatric patients. J Clin Microbiol 27:657–659
Lastovica AJ, Engel ME, Blaser MJ (2002) Atypical campylobacters and related microorganisms. In: Blaser MJ, Smith PD, Ravdin JI, Greenberg HB, Guerrant RL (eds) Infections of the gastrointestinal tract, 2nd edn. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 741–761
Lau PP, DeBrunner-Vossbrink B, Dunn B, Miotto K, Macdonell MT, Rollins DM, Pillidge CJ, Hespell RB, Colwell RR, Sogin ML, Fox GE (1987) Phylogenetic diversity and position of the genus Campylobacter. Syst Appl Microbiol 9:231–238
Lau SK, Woo PC, Teng JL, Leung KW, Yuen KY (2002) Identification by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of Arcobacter butzleri bacteremia in a patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis. Mol Pathol 55:182–185
Lawson AJ, Shafi MS, Pathak K, Stanley J (1998) Detection of Campylobacter in gastroenteritis: comparison of direct PCR assay of faecal samples with selective culture. Epidemiol Infect 121:547–553
Lawson AJ, Logan JM, O’Neill GL, Desai M, Stanley J (1999) Large-scale survey of Campylobacter species in human gastroenteritis by PCR and PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 37:3860–3864
Lawson AJ, On SL, Logan JM, Stanley J (2001) Campylobacter hominis sp. nov. from the human gastrointestinal tract. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:651–660
Lawson GHK, Gebhart CJ (2000) Proliferative enteropathy. J Comp Pathol 122:77–100
Lawson GHK, Rowland AC, Wooding AC (1975) The characterisation of Campylobacter sputorum subspecies mucosalis isolated from pigs. Res Vet Sci 18:121–126
Lehner A, Tasara T, Stephan R (2005) Relevant aspects of Arcobacter spp. as a potential foodborne pathogen. Int J Food Microbiol 102:127–135
Lentzsch P, Rieksneuwöhner B, Wieler LH, Hotzel H, Moser I (2004) High-resolution genotyping of Campylobacter upsaliensis strains originating from three continents. J Clin Microbiol 42:3441–3448
Levican A, Collado L, Aquilar C, Yustes C, Diéguez AL, Romalde JL, Figueras MJ (2012) Arcobacter bivalviorum sp. nov. and Arcobacter venerupis sp. nov., new species isolated from shellfish. Syst Appl Microbiol 35:133–138
Levican A, Collado L, Figueras MJ (2013) Arcobacter cloacae sp. nov. and Arcobacter suis sp. nov., two new species isolated from food and sewage. Syst Appl Microbiol 36(1):22–27. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2012.11.003
Lindblom GB, Sjögren E, Hanssonwesterberg J, Kaijser B (1995) Campylobacter-upsaliensis, C. sputorum sputorum and C. concisus as common causes of diarrhea in Swedish children. Scand J Infect Dis 27:187–188
Lindenstruth RW, Ashcroft JB, Ward BQ (1949) Studies on vibrionic abortion of sheep. J Am Vet Med Assoc 114:204–209
Linton D, Dewhirst FE, Clewley JP, Owen RJ, Burnens AP, Stanley J (1994) Two types of 16S rRNA gene are found in Campylobacter helveticus: analysis, applications and characterization of the intervening sequence found in some strains. Microbiology 140:847–855
Linton D, Owen RJ, Stanley J (1996) Rapid identification by PCR of the genus Campylobacter and of five Campylobacter species enteropathogenic for man and animals. Res Microbiol 147:707–718
Logan JM, Burnens A, Linton D, Lawson AJ, Stanley J (2000) Campylobacter lanienae sp. nov., a new species isolated from workers in an abattoir. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:865–872
Luangtongkum T, Jeon B, Han J, Plummer P, Logue CM, Zhang Q (2009) Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter: emergence, transmission and persistence. Future Microbiol 4:189–200
Luijten MLGC, de Weert J, Smidt H, Boschker HTS, de Vos WM, Schraa G, Stams AJM (2003) Description of Sulfurospirillum halorespirans sp. nov., an anaerobic, tetrachloroethene-respiring bacterium, and transfer of Dehalospirillum multivorans to the genus Sulfurospirillum as Sulfurospirillum multivorans comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:787–793
Lynch ÓA, Cagney C, McDowell DA, Duffy G (2010) A method for the growth and recovery of 17 species of Campylobacter and its subsequent application to inoculated beef. J Microbiol Methods 83:1–7
M’ikanatha NM, Dettinger LA, Perry A, Rogers P, Reynolds SM, Nachamkin I (2012) Culturing stool specimens for Campylobacter spp., Pennsylvania, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 18:484–487
Macfarlane S, Furrie E, Macfarlane GT, Dillon JF (2007) Microbial colonization of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Clin Infect Dis 45:29–38
Macuch PJ, Tanner ACR (2000) Campylobacter species in health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. J Dent Res 79:785–792
Mahendran V, Riordan S, Grimm M, Tran T, Major J, Kaakoush N, Mitchell H, Zhang L (2011) Prevalence of Campylobacter species in adult Crohn’s disease and the preferential colonization sites of Campylobacter species in the human intestine. PLoS One 6(9):e25417. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025417
Man SM, Kaakoush NO, Leach ST, Nahidi L, Lu HK, Norman J, Day AS, Zhang L, Mitchell MH (2010a) Host attachment, invasion, and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines by Campylobacter concisus and other non-Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter species. J Infect Dis 202:1855–1865
Man SM, Zhang L, Day AS, Leach ST, Lemberg DA, Mitchell H (2010b) Campylobacter concisus and other Campylobacter species in children with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 16:1008–1016
Mandrell RE, Wachtel MR (1999) Novel detection techniques for human pathogens that contaminate poultry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 10:273–278
Mandrell RE, Harden LA, Bates A, Miller WG, Haddon WF, Fagerquist CK (2005) Speciation of Campylobacter coli, C. jejuni, C. helveticus, C. lari, C. sputorum, and C. upsaliensis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:6292–6307
Mansfield LP, Forsythe SJ (2000) Arcobacter butzleri and A. cryaerophilus—newly emerging human pathogens. Rev Med Microbiol 11:161–170
Martiny D, Dediste A, Debruyne L, Vlaes L, Haddou NB, Vandamme P, Vandenberg O (2011) Accuracy of the API Campy system, the Vitek 2 Neisseria-Haemophilus card and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of Campylobacter and related organisms. Clin Microbiol Infect 17:1001–1006
Marvin LF, Roberts MA, Fay LB (2003) Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in clinical chemistry. Clin Chim Acta 337:11–21
Matsheka MI, Elisha BG, Lastovica A, On SLW (2002) Genetic heterogeneity of Campylobacter concisus determined by PFGE-based macrorestriction profiling. FEMS Microbiol Lett 211:17–22
McClung CR, Patriquin DG, Davis RE (1983) Campylobacter nitrofigilis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Int J Syst Bacteriol 33:605–612
McOrist S, Lawson GHK, Roy DJ, Boid R (1990) DNA analysis of intracellular campylobacter-like organisms associated with the porcine proliferative enteropathies: novel organism proposed. FEMS Microbiol Lett 69:189–194
McOrist S, Gebhart CJ, Boid R, Barns SM (1995) Characterization of Lawsonia intracellularis gen. nov., sp. nov., the obligately intracellular bacterium of porcine proliferative enteropathy. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:820–825
Megraud F, Boudraa G, Bessaoud K, Bensid S, Dabis F, Sohana R, Touhami M (1990) Incidence of Campylobacter infection in infants in western Algeria and the possible protective role of breast feeding. Epidemiol Infect 105:73–78
Merga JY, Leatherbarrow AJH, Winstanley C, Bennett M, Hart CA, Miller WG, Williams NJ (2011) Comparison of Arcobacter isolation methods, and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in Cheshire, United Kingdom. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:1646–1650
Miki K, Mackura R, Hiraga T, Hirotani A, Hashimoto H, Kitada S, Miki M, Yoshimura K, Naka N, Motone M, Fujikawa T, Takashima S, Kitazume R, Kanzaki H, Nakatani S, Watanuki H, Tagusari O, Kobayashi J, Ito M (2005) Infective tricuspid valve endocarditis with pulmonary embolism caused by Campylobacter fetus after tooth extraction. Intern Med 44:1055–1059
Miller WG, Parker CT, Rubenfield M, Mendz GL, Wösten MM, Ussery DW, Stolz JF, Binnewies TT, Hallin PF, Wang G, Malek JA, Rogosin A, Stanker LH, Mandrell RE (2007) The complete genome sequence and analysis of the epsilonproteobacterium Arcobacter butzleri. PLoS One 2(12):e1358. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001358
Miller WG, Chapman MH, Yee E, On SLW, McNulty DK, Lastovica AJ, Carroll AM, McNamara EB, Duffy G, Mandrell RE (2012) Multilocus sequence typing methods for the emerging Campylobacter species C. hyointestinalis, C. lanienae, C. sputorum, C. concisus, and C. curvus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2:45
Misawa N, Shinohara S, Satoh H, Itoh H, Shinohara K, Shimomura K, Kondo F, Itoh K (2000) Isolation of Campylobacter species from zoo animals and polymerase chain reaction-based random amplified polymorphism DNA analysis. Vet Microbiol 71:59–68
Miyamoto M, Maeda H, Kitanaka M, Kokeguchi S, Takashiba S, Murayama Y (1998) The S-layer protein from Campylobacter rectus: sequence determination and function of the recombinant protein. FEMS Microbiol Lett 166:275–281
Monno R, Rendina M, Ceci G, Rizzo C, Luzzi I, Francavilla A, Rizzo G, Ierardi E (2004) Campylobacter fetus bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient: case report and review of the literature. New Microbiol 27:281–285
Montero A, Corbella X, López JA, Santín M, Ballón I-H (1997) Campylobacter fetus associated aneurysms: report of a case involving the popliteal artery and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 24:1019–1021
Moolhuijzen PM, Lew-Tabor AE, Wlodek BM, Agüero FG, Comerci DJ, Ugalde RA, Sanchez DO, Appels R, Bellgard M (2009) Genomic analysis of Campylobacter fetus subspecies: identification of candidate virulence determinants and diagnostic assay targets. BMC Microbiol 9:86. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-86
Mooney A, Clyne M, Curran T, Doherty D, Kilmartin B, Bourke B (2001) Campylobacter upsaliensis exerts a cytolethal distending toxin effect on HeLa cells and T lymphocytes. Microbiology 147:735–743
Mooney A, Byrne C, Clyne M, Johnson-Henry K, Sherman P, Bourke B (2003) Invasion of human epithelial cells by Campylobacter upsaliensis. Cell Microbiol 5:835–847
Moore JR, Barton MD, Blair IS, Corcoran D, Dooley JS, Fanning S, Kempf I, Lastovica AJ, Lowery CJ, Matsuda M, McDowell DA, McMahon A, Millar BC, Rao JR, Rooney PJ, Seal BS, Snelling WJ, Tolba O (2006) The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter. Microbes Infect 8:1955–1966
Morita Y, Maruyama S, Kabeya H, Boonmar S, Nimsuphan B, Nagai A, Kozawa K, Nakajima T, Mikami T, Kimura H (2004) Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of Arcobacter spp. in ground chicken meat and environmental water in Japan and Thailand. Microbiol Immunol 48:527–533
Morris GK, el Sherbeeny MR, Patton CM, Kodaka H, Lombard GL, Edmonds P, Hollis DG, Brenner DG (1985) Comparison of four hippurate hydrolysis methods for identification of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. J Clin Microbiol 22:714–718
Mukhopadhya I, Thomson JM, Hansen R, Berry SH, El-Omar EM, Hold GL (2011) Detection of Campylobacter concisus and other Campylobacter species in colonic biopsies from adults with ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 6(6):e21490. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021490
Musmanno RA, Russi M, Lior H, Figura N (1997) In vitro virulence factors of Arcobacter butzleri strains isolated from superficial water samples. New Microbiol 20:63–68
Neal-McKinney JM, Konkel ME (2012) The Campylobacter jejuni CiaC virulence protein is secreted from the flagellum and delivered to the cytosol of host cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2:31. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00031
Neill SD, Campbell JN, Obrien JJ, Weatherup STC, Ellis WA (1985) Taxonomic position of Campylobacter cryaerophila sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 35:342–356
Neuzil K, Wang E, Haas D, Blaser MJ (1994) Persistence of Campylobacter fetus bacteraemia associated with absence of opsonizing antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 32:1718–1720
Nielsen EM, Engberg J, Fussing V, Petersen L, Brogren CH, On SLW (2000) Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic methods for subtyping Campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, poultry, and cattle. J Clin Microbiol 38:3800–3810
Nielsen HL, Nielsen H, Ejlertsen T, Engberg J, Günzel D, Zeitz M, Hering NA, Fromm M, Schulzke J, Bucker R (2011) Oral and fecal Campylobacter concisus strains perturb barrier function by apoptosis induction in HT-29/B6 intestinal epithelial cells. PLoS One 6(8):e23858. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023858
Nielsen HL, Ejlertsen T, Engberg J, Nielsen H (2013) High incidence of Campylobacter concisus in gastroenteritis in North Jutland, Denmark: a population-based study. Clin Microbiol Infect 19(5):445–450. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03852.x
O’Reilly LC, Inglis TJ, Unicomb L, Australian Subtyping Study Group (2006) Australian multicentre comparison of subtyping methods for the investigation of Campylobacter infection. Epidemiol Infect 134:768–779
Oberhelman RA, Taylor DN (2000) Campylobacter infections in developing countries. In: Nachamkin I, Blaser MB (eds) Campylobacter, 2nd edn. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 139–153
On SLW (1996a) Identification methods for campylobacters, helicobacters, and related organisms. Clin Microbiol Rev 9:405–422
On SLW (1996b) Computer-assisted strategies for identifying campylobacteria. In: Newell DG, Ketley JM, Feldman RA (eds) Campylobacter helicobacter and related organisms. Plenum, Delaware, pp 221–226
On SLW, Harrington CS (2000) Identification of taxonomic and epidemiological relationships among Campylobacter species by numerical analysis of AFLP profiles. FEMS Microbiol Lett 193:161–169
On SLW, Harrington CS (2001) Evaluation of numerical analysis of PFGE-DNA profiles for differentiating Campylobacter fetus subspecies by comparison with phenotypic, PCR, and 16S rDNA sequencing methods. J Appl Microbiol 90:285–293
On SLW, Holmes B (1991a) Effect of inoculum size on the phenotypic characterisation of Campylobacter spp. J Clin Microbiol 29:923–926
On SLW, Holmes B (1991b) Reproducibility of tolerance tests that are useful in the identification of campylobacteria. J Clin Microbiol 29:1785–1788
On SLW, Holmes B (1992) Assessment of enzyme detection tests useful in identification of campylobacteria. J Clin Microbiol 30:746–749
On SLW, Holmes B (1995) Classification and identification of campylobacters, helicobacters and allied taxa by numerical analysis of phenotypic characters. Syst Appl Microbiol 18:374–390
On SLW, Jordan PJ (2003) Evaluation of 11 PCR assays for species-level identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Clin Microbiol 41:330–336
On SLW, Vandamme P (1997) Identification and epidemiological typing of Campylobacter hyointestinalis subspecies by phenotypic and genotypic methods and description of novel subgroups. Syst Appl Microbiol 20:238–247
On SLW, Bloch B, Holmes B, Hoste B, Vandamme P (1995a) Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. lawsonii subsp. nov., isolated from the porcine stomach, and an emended description of Campylobacter hyointestinalis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:767–774
On SLW, Costas M, Holmes B (1995b) Classification and identification of Campylobacter sputorum by numerical analyses of phenotypic tests and of one-dimensional electrophoretic protein profiles. Syst Appl Microbiol 17:543–553
On SL, Stacey A, Smyth J (1995c) Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri from a neonate with bacteraemia. J Infect 31:225–227
On S, Holmes LB, Sackin MJ (1996) A probability matrix for the identification of campylobacters, helicobacters and allied taxa. J Appl Bacteriol 81:425–432
On SLW, Atabay HI, Corry JEL, Harrington CS, Vandamme P (1998a) Emended description of Campylobacter sputorum and revision of its infrasubspecific (biovar) divisions, including C. sputorum bv. paraureolyticus, a urease-producing variant from cattle and humans. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:195–206
On SLW, Atabay HI, Harrington CS (1998b) Evaluation of a probability matrix for identifying campylobacteria. In: Lastovica A, Newell DG, Lastovica EE (eds) Campylobacter helicobacter and related organisms. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, pp 232–235
On SL, Jensen TK, Bille-Hansen V, Jorsal SE, Vandamme P (2002) Prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. isolated from the internal organs of spontaneous porcine abortions in Denmark. Vet Microbiol 85:159–167
On SLW, Brandt SM, Cornelius AJ, Fusco V, Quero G, Maćkiw E, Houf K, Bilbao A, Díaz AI, Benejat L, Megraud F, Collins-Emerson J, French NP, Gotcheva V, Angelov A, Alakomi H-L, Saarela M, Paulin SM (2013) PCR revisited: a case for revalidation of PCR assays for microorganisms using identification of Campylobacter species as an exemplar. Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods 5:49–62
Osburn BI, Hoskins RK (1970) Experimentally induced Vibrio fetus var intestinalis infection in pregnant cows. Am J Vet Res 10:1733–1741
Ozeki T, Nokura K, Koga H, Yamamoto H (2002) A case of meningoencephalitis and spondylodiscitis caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus infection. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 42:38–41
Parkhill J, Wren BW, Mungall K, Ketley JM, Churcher C, Basham D, Chillingworth T, Davies RM, Feltwell T, Holroyd S, Jagels K, Karlyshev AV, Moule S, Pallen MJ, Penn CW, Quail MA, Rajandream MA, Rutherford KM, van Vliet AH, Whitehead S, Barrell BG (2000) The genome sequence of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni reveals hypervariable sequences. Nature 403:665–668
Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE (1988) Phylogeny of campylobacters, wolinellas, Bacteroides gracilis, and Bacteroides ureolyticus by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing. Int J Syst Bacteriol 38:56–62
Pati A, Gronow S, Lapidus A et al (2010) Complete genome sequence of Arcobacter nitrofigilis type strain (CIT). Stand Genomic Sci 2:300–308
Pearson BM, Gaskin DJH, Segers R, Wells JM, Nuijten PJA, van Vliet AH (2007) The complete genome sequence of Campylobacter jejuni strain 81116 (NCTC11828). J Bacteriol 189:8402–8403
Petersen RF, Harrington CS, Kortegaard HE, On SLW (2007) A PCR-DGGE method for detection and identification of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Arcobacter and related Epsilobacteria and its application to saliva samples from humans and domestic pets. J Appl Microbiol 103:2601–2615
Pickett CL, Pesci EC, Cottle DL, Russell G, Erdem AN, Zeytin H (1996) Prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin production in Campylobacter jejuni and relatedness of Campylobacter sp. cdtB genes. Infect Immun 64:2070–2078
Poly F, Guerry P (2008) Pathogenesis of Campylobacter. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 24:27–31
Pope JE, Krizova A, Garg AX, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Ouimet JM (2007) Campylobacter reactive arthritis: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 37:48–55
Poropatich KO, Walker CL, Black RE (2010) Quantifying the association between Campylobacter infection and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: a systematic review. J Health Popul Nutr 28:545–552
Portner DC, Leuschner RG, Murray BS (2007) Optimising the viability during storage of freeze-dried cell preparations of Campylobacter jejuni. Cryobiology 54:265–270
Prévot AR (1940) Études de systématique bactérienne, V. Essai de classification des vibrions anaérobies. Ann Inst Pasteur 64:117–125
Priest F, Austin B (1993) Modern bacterial taxonomy, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London
Quinones B, Parker CT, Janda JM Jr, Miller WG, Mandrell RE (2007) Detection and genotyping of Arcobacter and Campylobacter isolates from retail chicken samples by use of DNA oligonucleotide arrays. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:3645–3655
Rennie PR, Strong D, Taylor DE, Salama SM, Davidson C, Tabor H (1994) Campylobacter fetus diarrhea in a Hutterite colony: epidemiological observations and typing of the causative organism. J Clin Microbiol 32:721–724
Rice EW, Rodgers MR, Wesley IV, Johnson CH, Tanner SA (1999) Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri from ground water. Lett Appl Microbiol 28:31–35
Robertstad GW, Tucker JO (1956) Experimental vibriosis in sheep. J Am Vet Med Assoc 129:511–513
Romaniuk PJ, Zoltowska B, Trust TJ, Lane DJ, Olsen GJ, Pace NR, Stahl DA (1987) Campylobacter pylori, the spiral bacterium associated with human gastritis, is not a true Campylobacter sp. J Bacteriol 169:2137–2141
Roop RM II, Smibert RM, Johnson JL, Krieg NR (1985) Campylobacter mucosalis (Lawson, Leaver, Pettigrew, and Rowland 1981) comb. nov.: emended description. Int J Syst Bacteriol 35:189–192
Rosseel P, Muyldermans G, Breynaert J, Vandamme P, Lauwers S (1998) Identification of Campylobacter species isolated from human faeces by cellular fatty acid analysis. In: Lastovica AJ, Newell DG, Lastovica EE (eds) Campylobacter helicobacter & related organisms. University of Cape Town, South Africa, pp 236–241
Rossi M, Debruyne L, Zanoni RG, Manfreda G, Revez J, Vandamme P (2009) Campylobacter avium, sp. nov., a hippurate-positive species isolated from poultry. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:2364–2369
Russell RG, Kiehlbauch JA, Gebbart CJ, De Tolla LJ (1992) Uncommon Campylobacter species in infant Macaca nemestrina monkeys housed in a nursery. J Clin Microbiol 30:3024–3027
Sahin O, Fitzgerald C, Stroika S, Zhao S, Sippy RJ, Kwan P, Plummer PJ, Han J, Yaeger MJ, Zhang Q (2012) Molecular evidence for zoonotic transmission of an emergent highly pathogenic Campylobacter jejuni clone in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 50:680–687
Sails AD, Wareing DRA, Bolton AJ, Curry A (1998) Characterisation of 16 Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli typing bacteriophages. J Med Microbiol 47:123–128
Sakran W, Raz R, Levi Y, Colodner R, Koren A (1999) Campylobacter bacteraemia and pneumonia in two splenectomized patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 18:496–498
Salomon H (1898) Ueber das Spirillum des Säugetiermagens und sein Verhalten zu den Belegzellen. Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg Abt 1 Orig 19:422–441
Samie A, Obi CL, Barrett LJ, Powell SM, Guerrant RL (2007) Prevalence of Campylobacter species, Helicobacter pylori, and Arcobacter species in stool samples from the Venda region, Limpopo, South Africa: studies using molecular diagnostic methods. J Infect 54:558–566
Sandstedt K, Ursing J (1991) Description of Campylobacter upsaliensis sp. nov. previously known as the CNW group. Syst Appl Microbiol 14:39–48
Sandstedt K, Ursing J, Walder M (1983) Thermotolerant Campylobacter with no or weak catalase activity isolated from dogs. Curr Microbiol 8:209–213
Sasaki Y, Fujisawa T, Ogikubo K, Ohzono T, Ishihara K, Takahashi T (2003) Characterization of Campylobacter lanienae from pig feces. J Vet Med Sci 65:129–131
Sasser M (2001) Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids. Technical note 101. http://www.midi-inc.com/media/pdfs/TechNote_101.pdf
Savelkoul PH, Aarts HJ, de Haas HJ, Dijkshoorn L, Duim B, Otsen M, Rademaker JL, Schouls L, Lenstra JA (1999) Amplified-fragment length polymorphism analysis: the state of an art. J Clin Microbiol 37:3083–3091
Schumacher W, Kroneck PMH, Pfennig N (1992) Comparative systematic study on “Spirillum” 5175, Campylobacter and Wolinella species. Description of “Spirillum” 5175 as Sulfurospirillum deleyianum gen. nov., spec. nov. Arch Microbiol 158:287–293
Scullion R, Harrington CS, Madden RH (2006) Prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in raw milk and retail raw meats in Northern Ireland. J Food Prot 69:1986–1990
Sears A, Baker MG, Wilson N, Marshall J, Muellner P, Campbell DM, Lake RJ, French NP (2011) Marked campylobacteriosis decline after interventions aimed at poultry, New Zealand. Emerg Infect Dis 17:1007–1015
Sébald M, Véron M (1963) Teneur en bases da l’ADN et classification des vibrions. Ann Inst Pasteur 105:897–910
Serino L, Virji M (2002) Genetic and functional analysis of the phosphorylcholine moiety of commensal Neisseria lipopolysaccharide. Mol Microbiol 43:437–448
Sikorski J, Lapidus A, Copeland A et al (2010) Complete genome sequence of Sulfurospirillum deleyianum type strain (5175T). Stand Genomic Sci 2(2):149–157
Silva J, Leite D, Fernandes M, Mena C, Gibbs PA, Teixeira P (2011) Campylobacter spp. as a foodborne pathogen: a review. Front Microbiol 2:200. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00200
Simor AE, Karmali MA, Jadavil T, Roscoe M (1986) Abortion and perinatal sepsis associated with Campylobacter infection. Rev Infect Dis 3:397–402
Skirrow MB (1977) Campylobacter enteritis: a “new” disease. Br Med J 2:9–11
Skirrow MB (1983) Taxonomy and biotyping. Molecular aspects. In: Pearson AD, Skirrow MB, Rowe B, Davies JR, Jones DM (eds) Campylobacter. II. Proceedings of the second international workshop on Campylobacter infections. Public Health Laboratory Service, London, pp 33–38
Skirrow MB (1994) Diseases due to Campylobacter, Helicobacter and related bacteria. J Comp Pathol 111:113–149
Skirrow MB (2006) John McFadyean and the centenary of the first isolation of Campylobacter species. Clin Infect Dis 43:1213–1217
Skirrow MB, Blaser MJ (2000) Clinical aspects of Campylobacter infection. In: Nachamkin I, Blaser MJ (eds) Campylobacter, 2nd edn. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 69–88
Skirrow MB, Jones DM, Sutcliffe E, Benjamin J (1993) Campylobacter bacteraemia in England and Wales, 1981–1991. Epidemiol Infect 110:567–573
Smith JL, Bayles DO (2006) The contribution of cytolethal distending toxin to bacterial pathogenesis. Crit Rev Microbiol 32:227–248
Smith T, Taylor MS (1919) Some morphological and biological characters of the spirilla (Vibrio fetus, n. sp.) associated with disease of the fetal membranes in cattle. J Exp Med 30:299–312
Son LM, Englen D, Berrang ME, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Harrison MA (2007) Antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter and Campylobacter from broiler carcasses. Int J Antimicrob Agents 29:451–455
Stackebrandt E, Goebel BM (1994) Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:846–849
Stamatakis A (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22:2688–2690. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Stanley J, Burnens AP, Linton D, On SLW, Costas M, Owen RJ (1992) “Campylobacter helveticus” sp. nov., a new thermophilic group from domestic animals: characterization of the species and cloning of a species-specific DNA probe. J Gen Microbiol 138:2293–2303
Steele TW, Owen RJ (1988) Campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei subsp. nov., a subspecies of nitrate-negative campylobacters isolated from human clinical specimens. Int J Syst Bacteriol 38:316–318
Steele TW, Lanser JA, Sangster N (1985) Nitrate-negative campylobacter-like organisms. Lancet 325(8425):394
Steinbrueckner B, Haerter G, Pelz K, Burnens A, Kist M (1998) Discrimination of Helicobacter pullorum and Campylobacter lari by analysis of whole cell fatty acid extracts. FEMS Microbiol Lett 168:209–212
Steinkraus GE, Wright BD (1994) Septic abortion with intact fetal membranes caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus. J Clin Microbiol 32:1608–1609
Stephens CP, On SLW, Gibson JA (1998) An outbreak of infectious hepatitis in commercially reared ostriches associated with Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni. Vet Microbiol 61:183–190
Stuart TL, Sandhu J, Stirling R, Corder J, Ellis A, Misa P, Goh S, Wong B, Martiquet P, Hoang L, Galanis E (2010) Campylobacteriosis outbreak associated with ingestion of mud during a mountain bike race. Epidemiol Infect 138:1695–1703
Suzuki J, Sugiyama T, Ito K, Hadano Y, Kawamura I, Okinaka K, Kurai H, Ohkusu K, Ohmagari N (2013) Campylobacter showae bacteremia with cholangitis. J Infect Chemother 19:960–963
Sylvester FA, Philpott D, Gold B, Lastovica A, Forstner JF (1996) Adherence to lipids and intestinal mucin by a recently recognised human pathogen, Campylobacter upsaliensis. Infect Immun 64:4060–4066
Tanner ACR, Badger S, Lai CH, Listgarten MA, Visconti RA, Socransky SS (1981) Wolinella gen. nov., Wolinella succinogenes (Vibrio succinogenes Wolin et al.) comb. nov., and description of Bacteroides gracilis sp. nov., Wolinella recta sp. nov., Campylobacter concisus sp. nov., and Eikenella corrodens from humans with periodontal disease. Int J Syst Bacteriol 31:432–445
Taylor AJ, Dawson CA, Owen RJ (1986) The identification of Bacteroides ureolyticus from patients with non-gonococcal urethritis by conventional biochemical tests and by DNA and protein analyses. J Med Microbiol 21:109–116
Taylor AJ, Costas M, Owen RJ (1987) Numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns of Bacteroides ureolyticus clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 25:660–666
Taylor EV, Herman KM, Ailes EC, Fitzgerald C, Yolder JS, Mahon BE, Tauxe RV (2012) Common source outbreaks in the USA, 1997–2008. Epidemiol Infect 15:1–10
Tee W, Luppino M, Rambaldo S (1998) Bacteremia due to Campylobacter sputorum biovar sputorum. Clin Infect Dis 27:1544–1545
Thompson SA (2002) Campylobacter surface-layers (S-layers) and immune evasion. Ann Periodontol 7:43–53
Thompson LM III, Smibert RM, Johnson JL, Krieg NR (1988) Phylogenetic study of the genus Campylobacter. Int J Syst Bacteriol 38:190–200
Timms AR, Cambray-Young J, Scott AE, Petty NK, Connerton PL, Clarke L, Seeger K, Quail M, Cummings N, Maskell DJ, Thomson NR, Connerton AF (2010) Evidence for a lineage of virulent bacteriophages that target Campylobacter. BMC Genomics 11:214, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/214
Toh H, Sharma VK, Oshima K, Kondo S, Hattori M, Ward FB, Free A, Taylor TD (2011) Complete genome sequences of Arcobacter butzleri ED-1 and Arcobacter sp. strain L, both isolated from a microbial fuel cell. J Bacteriol 193:6411–6412
Totten PA, Fennell CL, Tenover FC, Wezenberg JM, Perine PL, Stamm WE, Holmes KK (1985) Campylobacter cinaedi (sp. nov.) and Campylobacter fennelliae (sp. nov.): two new Campylobacter species associated with enteric disease in homosexual men. J Infect Dis 151:131–139
Trembley C, Gaudreau C, Lorange M (2003) Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 111 Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated in Quebec, Canada, from 1983 to 2000. J Clin Microbiol 41:463–466
Tsang RS, Luk JM, Woodward DL, Johnson WM (1996) Immunochemical characterization of a haemagglutinating antigen of Arcobacter spp. FEMS Microbiol Lett 136:209–213
Ugarte-Ruiz M, Gómez-Barrero S, Porrero MC, Alvarez J, Garcia M, Comerón MC, Wassenaar TM, Dominguez L (2012) Evaluation of four protocols for the detection and isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter from different matrices. J Appl Microbiol 113:200–208
Ursing JB, Lior H, Owen RJ (1994) Proposal of minimal standards for describing new species of the family Campylobacteraceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:842–845
van Dijk WC, van der Straaten PJ (1988) An outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 11:91–92
van Driessche E, Houf K (2008) Survival capacity in water of Arcobacter species under different temperature conditions. J Appl Microbiol 105:443–451
van Driessche E, Houf K, van Hoof J, De Zutter I, Vandamme P (2003) Isolation of Arcobacter species from animal feces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 229:243–248
Van Etterijck R, Breynaert J, Revets H, Devreker T, Vandenplas Y, Vandamme P, Lauwers S (1996) Isolation of Campylobacter concisus from feces of children with and without diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 34:2304–2306
Vandamme P, De Ley J (1991) Proposal for a new family Campylobacteraceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 41:451–455
Vandamme P, Falsen E, Pot B, Hoste B, Kersters K, De Ley J (1989) Identification of EF group 22 campylobacters from gastroenteritis cases as Campylobacter concisus. J Clin Microbiol 27:1775–1781
Vandamme P, Falsen E, Rossau R, Hoste B, Segers P, Tytgat R, De Ley J (1991) Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 41:88–103
Vandamme P, Dewettnick D, Kersters K (1992a) Application of numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein profiles for the identification of thermophilic campylobacters. Syst Appl Microbiol 15:402–408
Vandamme P, Pugina P, Benzi G, Van Etterijck R, Vlaes L, Kersters K, Butzler J-P, Lior H, Lauwers S (1992b) Outbreak of recurrent abdominal cramps associated with Arcobacter butzleri in an Italian school. J Clin Microbiol 30:2335–2337
Vandamme P, Vancanneyt M, Pot B, Meis L, Hoste B, Dewettinck D, Vlaes L, Van den Borre C, Higgins R, Hommez J (1992c) Polyphasic taxonomic study of the emended genus Arcobacter with Arcobacter butzleri comb. nov. and Arcobacter skirrowii, an aerotolerant bacterium isolated from veterinary specimens. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42:344–356
Vandamme P, Daneshvar MI, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ, Kersters K, Goossens H, Moss CW (1995) Chemotaxonomic analyses of Bacteroides gracilis and Bacteroides ureolyticus and reclassification of B. gracilis as Campylobacter gracilis comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:145–152
Vandamme P, van Doorn LJ, al Rashid ST, Quint WG, van der Plas J, Chan VL, On SLW (1997) Campylobacter hyoilei Alderton et al. 1995 and Campylobacter coli Véron and Chatelain 1973 are subjective synonyms. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:1055–1060
Vandamme P, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ, On SLW (2005) Family I. Campylobacteraceae Vandamme and De Ley 1991, 453VP. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol 2, 2nd edn, The proteobacteria. Part C. The alpha-, beta-, delta-, and epsilonproteobacteria. Springer, New York, pp 1145–1146
Vandenberg O, Dediste A, Houf K, Ibekwem S, Souayah H, Candrel S, Douat N, Zissis G, Butzler J-P, Vandamme P (2004) Arcobacter species in humans. Emerg Infect Dis 10:1863–1867
Vandenberg O, Houf K, Douat N, Vlaes L, Retore P, Butzler J-P, Dediste A (2006) Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of non-jejuni/coli campylobacters and arcobacters from Belgium. J Antimicrob Chemother 57:908–913
Véron M, Chatelain R (1973) Taxonomic study of the genus Campylobacter Sebald and Véron and designation of the neotype strain for the type species, Campylobacter fetus (Smith and Taylor) Sebald and Véron. Int J Syst Bacteriol 23:122–134
Verwoerd DJ (2000) Ostrich diseases. Rev Sci Tech 19:638–661
Vidal AB, Rodgers J, Arnold M, Clifton-Hadley F (2013) Comparison of different sampling strategies and laboratory methods for the detection of C. jejuni and C. coli from broiler flocks at primary production. Zoonoses Public Health 60:412–415
Viejo G, Gomez B, De Miguel D, Del Valle A, Otero L, De La Iglesia P (2001) Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus bacteremia associated with chorioamnionitis and intact fetal membranes. Scand J Infect Dis 33:126–127
Vogt RL, Sours HE, Barrett T, Feldman RA, Dickinson RJ, Witherell L (1982) Campylobacter enteritis associated with contaminated water. Ann Int Med 96:292–296
von Altrock A, Hamedy A, Merle R, Waldmann KH (2013) Campylobacter spp.—prevalence on pig livers and antimicrobial susceptibility. Prev Vet Med 109(1–2):152–157. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.09.010, pii: S0167-5877(12)00301-7
Wagenaar JA, Van Bergen MAP, Mueller MA, Wassenaar TM, Carlton RA (2005) Phage therapy reduces Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers. Vet Microbiol 109:275–283
Wassenaar TM, On SLW, Meinersmann R (2000) Genotyping and the consequences of genetic instability. In: Nachamkin I, Blaser MJ (eds) Campylobacter, 2nd edn. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 369–380
Wayne LG, Brenner DJ, Colwell RR, Grimont PAD, Kandler O, Krichevsky MI, Moore LH, Moore WEC, Murray RGE, Stackebrandt RE, Starr MR, Trüper HG (1987) Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:463–464
Wesley IV, Schroeder-Tucker L (2011) Recovery of Arcobacter spp. from nonlivestock species. J Zoo Wildl Med 42:508–512
Wexler HM, Reeves D, Summanen PH, Molitoris E, McTeague M, Duncan J, Wilson KH, Finegold SM (1996) Sutterella wadsworthensis gen. nov., sp. nov., bile-resistant microaerophilic Campylobacter gracilis-like clinical isolates. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:252–258
Williams LK, Sait LC, Cogan TA, Jørgensen F, Grogono-Thomas R, Humphrey TJ (2012) Enrichment culture can bias the isolation of Campylobacter subtypes. Epidemiol Infect 140:1227–1235
Winkler MA, Uher J, Cepa S (1999) Direct analysis and identification of Helicobacter and Campylobacter species by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 71:3416–3419
Woese CR (1987) Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev 51:221–271
Wybo I, Breynaert J, Lauwers S, Lindenburg F, Houf K (2004) Isolation of Arcobacter skirrowii from a patient with chronic diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 42:1851–1852
Yan JJ, Ko WC, Huang AH, Chen HM, Jun YT, Wu JJ (2000) Arcobacter butzleri bacteremia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. J Formos Med Assoc 99:166–169
Yarza P, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Amann R, Schleifer KH, Glöckner FO, Rosselló-Móra R (2010) Update of the all-species living tree project based on 16S and 23S rRNA sequence analyses. Syst Appl Microbiol 33(6):291–299. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2010.08.001
Yildiz H, Aydin S (2006) Pathological effects of Arcobacter cryaerophilus infection in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Acta Vet Hung 54:191–199
Zanoni RG, Debruyne L, Rossi M, Revez J, Vandamme P (2009) Campylobacter cuniculorum sp. nov., from rabbits. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:1666–1671
Zhang L, Man SM, Day AS, Leach ST, Lemberg DA, Dutt S, Stormon M, Otley A, O’Loughlin EV, Magoffin A, Ng PHY, Mitchell H (2009) Detection and isolation of Campylobacter species other than C. jejuni from children with Crohn’s disease. J Clin Microbiol 47:453–455
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Lastovica, A.J., On, S.L.W., Zhang, L. (2014). The Family Campylobacteraceae. In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39044-9_274
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39044-9_274
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-39043-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-39044-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences