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Biodiversity, Phylogeny and Ultrastructure

  • Chapter
Malassezia and the Skin

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This chapter presents and discusses all techniques and media used to isolate, maintain, preserve, and identify the 13 species that are presently included in the genus. Each species is described morphologically, including features of the colonies and microscopic characteristics of the yeast cells, either with or without filaments; physiologically, including the growth at 37 and 40°C, three enzymatic activities, namely catalase, β-glucosidase and urease, and growth with 5 individual lipid supplements, namely Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80, and Cremophor EL. Their ecological preferences and role in human and veterinary pathology are also discussed. For quite a long time, the genus was known to be related to the Basidiomycota, despite the absence of a sexual state. The phylogeny, based on sequencing of the D1/D2 variable domains of the ribosomal DNA and the ITS regions, as presented in the chapter, confirmed the basidiomycetous nature of these yeasts, which occupy an isolated position among the Ustilaginomycetes. The relationship to the Basidiomycetes is also supported by monopolar and percurrent budding and the multilamellar cell wall ultrastructure. Some characteristics of this cell wall, which is unparalleled in the world of fungi, together with the lipophily demonstrate the uniqueness of this genus in the fungal kingdom.

This chapter presents and discusses all techniques and media used to isolate, maintain, preserve, and identify the 13 species that are presently included in the genus. Each species is described morphologically, including features of the colonies and microscopic characteristics of the yeast cells, either with or without filaments; physiologically, including the growth at 37 and 40°C, three enzymatic activities, namely catalase, β-glucosidase and urease, and growth with 5 individual lipid supplements, namely Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80, and Cremophor EL. Their ecological preferences and role in human and veterinary pathology are also discussed. For quite a long time, the genus was known to be related to the Basidiomycota, despite the absence of a sexual state. The phylogeny, based on sequencing of the D1/D2 variable domains of the ribosomal DNA and the ITS regions, as presented in the chapter, confirmed the basidiomycetous nature of these yeasts, which occupy an isolated position among the Ustilaginomycetes. The relationship to the Basidiomycetes is also supported by monopolar and percurrent budding and the multilamellar cell wall ultrastructure. Some characteristics of this cell wall, which is unparalleled in the world of fungi, together with the lipophily demonstrate the uniqueness of this genus in the fungal kingdom.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to warmly thank Anne-Françoise Miegeville (Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Antibiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France), who made many scanning electron micrographs (SEM), namely all the pictures on filters presented in this chapter, and also Bart Theelen (Centraalbureau for Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands) for his help in preparing one of the phylogenetic trees.

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    Eveline Guého-Kellermann

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  1. Eveline Guého-Kellermann
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  1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584, CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Teun Boekhout PhD

  2. Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gaffykstrasse 14, 35385, Giessen, Germany

    Peter Mayser MD

  3. INSERM, 5 rue de la Huchette, 61400, Mauves sur Huisne, France

    Eveline Guého-Kellermann PhD

  4. Mycology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece

    Aristea Velegraki PhD (Professor) (Professor)

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Guého-Kellermann, E., Boekhout, T., Begerow, D. (2010). Biodiversity, Phylogeny and Ultrastructure. In: Boekhout, T., Mayser, P., Guého-Kellermann, E., Velegraki, A. (eds) Malassezia and the Skin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03616-3_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03616-3_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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