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Urolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis

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Pediatric Uroradiology

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis (NC) are the two types of calcification associated with the urinary tract. Urolithiasis is macroscopic calcification in the urinary collecting system. Urinary stones are composed of crystal agglomerations, sometimes mixed with proteins. Stones are formed on the renal papillae by retention of lithogenic particles, either by obstruction or by adherence to damaged renal epithelium (Bruwer 1979; Laufer and Boichis 1989). This takes place when urine is supersaturated with regard to stone-promoting factors, e.g., increased calcium or oxalate excretion, or because the inhibitor activity is reduced, e.g., low citrate excretion (Karlowicz and Adelman 1995; Verkoelen et al. 1998). Nephrocalcinosis is microscopic calcification in the tubules, tubular epithelium, or interstitial tissue of the kidney. It is classified according to the anatomic area involved. Medullary NC is differentiated from cortical NC and diffuse NC. In a variety of diseases urolithiasis and NC occur together (Hoppe et al. 2007).

formerly Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstrasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany

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  1. Birresborner Strasse 40, 50935, Cologne, Germany

    Gabriele Benz-Bohm MD (Professor)

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstrasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany

    Bernd Hoppe MD (Professor)

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  1. Gabriele Benz-Bohm MD
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  1. Department of Radiology Head of Division of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, 8036, Graz, Austria

    Richard Fotter MD (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

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Benz-Bohm, G., Hoppe, B. (2008). Urolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis. In: Fotter, R. (eds) Pediatric Uroradiology. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33005-9_20

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