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Bone Physiology and Biology

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Bone Toxicology

Part of the book series: Molecular and Integrative Toxicology ((MOLECUL))

Abstract

This chapter is divided into three subsections: The bone biology part will provide some insight into the matrix composition as well as the origin and basic function attributed to the cellular components, the osteoblasts osteocytes and osteoclasts. In the second section, the interplay between these matrix components and the cells will be discussed in the context of skeletal growth, skeletal adaptation (modeling), and skeletal maintenance (bone remodeling). Finally, the third section will address similarities and differences in bone biology between human, nonhuman primate, rat, and mouse, the most commonly used species in the study of bone metabolic disorders. Other large animals like dogs, sheep, mini-pigs, or rabbits which are being successfully used to study orthopedic conditions (implant ingrowth, fracture healing, and bone augmentation) have not been addressed in this chapter.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Alan Abrams, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (Cambridge, USA) for contributing the scientific artwork for Figs. 2.1, 2.2, 2.6, 2.8, 2.9, 2.11, 2.14, 2.16a, 2.17, and 2.18. Our sincere thanks go to Nathalie Gris-Accard, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (Basel, Switzerland) for providing histologic images for Figs. 2.3 and 2.7a.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002, Basel, Switzerland

    Jürg Andreas Gasser & Michaela Kneissel

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  1. Jürg Andreas Gasser
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  2. Michaela Kneissel
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Correspondence to Jürg Andreas Gasser .

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  1. Montreal, Québec, Canada

    Susan Y. Smith

  2. Charles River Preclinical Services, Senneville, Québec, Canada

    Aurore Varela

  3. Charles River Preclinical Services, Senneville, Québec, Canada

    Rana Samadfam

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Gasser, J.A., Kneissel, M. (2017). Bone Physiology and Biology. In: Smith, S., Varela, A., Samadfam, R. (eds) Bone Toxicology. Molecular and Integrative Toxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56192-9_2

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