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Autism and Schizophrenia: Genetic and Phenotypic Relationships

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Comprehensive Guide to Autism

Abstract

The diagnostic concepts of schizophrenia and autism are historically intertwined. A hundred years ago, the term autism was used in reference to the tendency of schizophrenic patients to create and live in a world of their own. In the 1940s after Kanner’s seminal paper, accounts of cases of infantile autism were described that demonstrated a significant resemblance to symptoms in schizophrenia. Up until the early 1970s, the standpoint that infantile autism could be considered as the early manifestation of childhood schizophrenia was prevalent. From then on, distinctions were made between autism and schizophrenia psychosis, despite commonalities in the clinical phenotypes. In recent years, a plethora of potential causative genes for autism and schizophrenia have been identified. Interestingly, a substantial number of these susceptibility genes (estimated 15–25 %) appear to increase the risk for both autism and schizophrenia. This observation has sparked a renewed discussion on the possible relatedness of both disorders. It revives issues such as shared and distinct phenotypic manifestations, possible common etiological mechanisms explaining the observed overlaps, and the relevance to the understanding of the biological pathways involved in autism and schizophrenia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508, 85060, Utrecht, Netherlands

    J. Peter H. Burbach

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands

    Jacob A. S. Vorstman

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  1. Jacob A. S. Vorstman
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  2. J. Peter H. Burbach
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Correspondence to J. Peter H. Burbach .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, Faculty of Science & Technology, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Nutritional Sciences Division and Genomics Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Faculty of Society and Health, Buckinghamshire New University, Middlesex, United Kingdom

    Colin R. Martin

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Vorstman, J.A.S., Burbach, J.P.H. (2014). Autism and Schizophrenia: Genetic and Phenotypic Relationships. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V., Martin, C. (eds) Comprehensive Guide to Autism. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4788-7_96

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4788-7_96

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