Abstract
The authors provide an overview of the underlying causes of urolithiasis, rates of metabolic disturbances, stone and demographic characteristics, geographic and seasonal variations, dietary patterns, types of treatment, and approximate costs of stone disease in South America, based on the available data from Brazil and other countries. They conclude that metabolic abnormalities can be found in up to 98 % of stone formers, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and hyperuricosuria being the most common ones. The number of hospital admissions due to urinary stone disease was higher during the summer and in areas of hot and dry weather. Most of the calculi were composed of calcium oxalate. At present, open surgical procedures were substituted for endoscopic and percutaneous procedures, and there is a trend for a continuous increase in the use of flexible devices. The cost of stone disease care is still estimated to be high, but the continuous increase in the access to medical assistance by the population will help to reduce its socioeconomic impact.
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Korkes, F., Schor, N., Heilberg, I.P. (2012). Epidemiology of Stone Disease in South America. In: Talati, J., Tiselius, HG., Albala, D., YE, Z. (eds) Urolithiasis. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4387-1_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4387-1_7
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