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The Evolution of Auditory Cortex: The Core Areas

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The Auditory Cortex

Abstract

An alternative title might be “What, if Anything, is AI?” AI, of course, is primary auditory cortex, an area of cortex that likely all mammals have. Thus, this seems a naive or a puzzling question. Yet, an important issue is hidden in this question. And this type of question was formulated long ago: “What, if anything, is a rabbit?” (Wood 1957). Classification was the issue, and it concluded that rabbits had been mistakenly classified as rodents. That view has prevailed, and rabbits are now considered Lagomorphs. Some time ago, I asked “What, if anything, is S1?” (Kaas 1983). I felt that the term S1 was being used inconsistently to refer to four areas (areas 3a, 3b, 1 and 2) in human and other anthropoid primates, while only one of these areas was considered to be S1 (area 3b) in most mammals. Again, this pertains to the issue of proper identification. All mammals appear to have a region of auditory cortex, but the descriptions of how it is organized vary across species, and even between studies on the same species.

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Abbreviations

A:

anterior auditory area

AAF:

anterior auditory field

AchE:

acetylcholinesterase

AI:

primary auditory cortex

AII:

second auditory cortex; nonprimary auditory cortex

CM:

caudal medial field

CO:

cytochrome oxidase

DC:

caudodorsal field

DZ:

dorsal zone

fMRI:

functional magnetic resonance imaging

MG:

medial geniculate body

MGm:

medial division of the medial geniculate body

MGd:

dorsal division of the medial geniculate body

MGv:

ventral division of the medial geniculate body

P:

posterior auditory area

PAF:

posterior auditory field

PL:

posterior lateral field

PPF:

pseudosylvian field

PSF:

posterior suprasylvian field

R:

rostral area

RT:

rostrotemporal area

SI:

primary somatic sensory cortex

SSF:

suprasylvian fringe

UF:

ultrasonic field

VP:

ventral posterior area

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Acknowledgement

Troy Hackett, Correy Camalier, and Peiyan Wong provided helpful comments on the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA

    Jon H. Kaas

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  1. Dept. Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720-3200, California, USA

    Jeffery A. Winer

  2. WM Keck Foundation Center for, Integrative Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0732, Room HSE 824, San Francisco, 94143-0732, California, USA

    Christoph E. Schreiner

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Kaas, J.H. (2011). The Evolution of Auditory Cortex: The Core Areas. In: Winer, J., Schreiner, C. (eds) The Auditory Cortex. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_19

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