Abstract
Toxicity studies using beagle dogs revealed in the 1980s that synthetic progestins may induce a syndrome of growth hormone (GH) excess, known as acromegaly, and the development of predominantly benign mammary hyperplasia. In the early 1990s is was discovered that progestin-induced GH excess in the dog originates within the mammary gland. This mammary- derived GH may have endocrine, pardautocrine as well as exocrine effects. The expression of GH mRNA is also found in cats and humans indicating that mammary GH expression is not unique for the dog. The mammary gene is identical to the pituitary-expressed gene and uses the same promoter. Nevertheless a striking difference exists in the mammary gland. Pit-1, which is a prerequisite factor for pituitary GH mRNA expression, is likely not involved in the mammary gene expression. These studies shed new light on the mechanism of progesterone-induced mammary hyperplasia and urges for further research on potential adverse effects of synthetic progestins.
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© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
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Mol, J.A., van Leeuwen, I.L., van Garderen, E., Rijnberk, A. (2002). Progestin-induced Mammary Growth Hormone (GH) Production. In: Mol, J.A., Clegg, R.A. (eds) Biology of the Mammary Gland. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 480. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46832-8_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46832-8_8
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