Skip to main content

Perianal Skin Conditions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Coloproctology

Part of the book series: European Manual of Medicine ((EUROMANUAL))

  • 4345 Accesses

Abstract

Perianal skin conditions are common. They are best managed by a proctologist in conjunction with a dermatologist. This brief review covers common perianal skin conditions and suggests management options in an evidence-based manner. Perianal dermatitis is the most common perianal skin condition. Up to one-third of patients with perianal dermatitis have a relevant contact allergy. It is recommended that all patients with this condition undergo cutaneous allergy testing. Dietary manipulation as part of management does not seem to have any evidence base, unless skin maceration is thought to be to the result of diarrhea, in which case stool thickeners may be of some benefit. Lower bowel endoscopy is important in perianal dermatitis to assess for internal hemorrhoids or neoplastic disease as a possible contributory factor. Perianal infections, especially those with the human papillomavirus, are also discussed in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Markell KW, Billingham RP. Pruritus ani: etiology and management. Surg Clin N Am. 2010;90:125–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Siddiqi S, Vijay V, Ward M, Mahendran R, Warren S. Pruritus ani. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2008;90:457–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Farouk R, Duthie GS, Pryde A, Bartolo DC. Abnormal transient internal sphincter relaxation in idiopathic pruritus ani: physiological evidence from ambulatory monitoring. Br J Surg. 1994;81:603–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Beck MH, Wilkinson SM. Contact dermatitis. In: Burns, Breathnach, Cox, Griffiths, editors. Rook textbook of dermatology. New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell; 2010. p. 1–106. Chp 26.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Zuccati G, Lotti T, Mastrolorenzo A, Rapaccini A, Tiradritti L. Pruritus ani. Dermatol Ther. 2005;18:355–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Higgins E, Kirby B, Rogers S, Collins P. Methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone allergic contact dermatitis and the effect of patch test concentration. Dermatitis. 2013;24:73–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Smith LE, Henrichs D, McCullah RD. Prospective studies on the etiology and treatment of pruritus ani. Dis Colon Rectum. 1982;25:358–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ramirez P, Sendagorta E, Floristan U, Feltes RA, Vidaurrazaga C. Allergic contact dermatitis from antihemorrhoidal ointments: concomitant sensitization to both amide and ester local anesthetics. Dermatitis. 2010;21:176–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. González-Pérez R, Sánchez-Martínez L, Piqueres Zubiaurrre T, Urtaran Ibarzábal A, Soloeta Arechavala R. Patch testing in patients with perianal eczema. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2014;105:694–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ralph N, Verma S, Merry S, Lally A, Kirby B, Collins P. What is the relevance of contact allergy to sodium metabisulfite and which concentration of the allergen should we use? Dermatitis. 2015;26:162–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lazarov A. Perianal contact dermatitis caused by nail lacquer allergy. Am J Contact Dermat. 1999;10:43–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Wentworth AB, Richardson DM, Davis MD. Patch testing with textile allergens: the mayo clinic experience. Dermatitis. 2012;23:269–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Omland SH, Gniadecki R. Psoriasis inversa: a separate identity or a variant of psoriasis vulgaris? Clin Dermatol. 2015;33:456–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Fistarol SK, Itin PH. Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013;14:27–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hughes R, Kelly G, Sweeny C, Lally A, Kirby B. The medical and laser management of hidradenitis suppurativa. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015;16:111–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Pink AE, Simpson MA, Desai N, Trembath RC, Barker JN. γ-secretase mutations in hidradenitis suppurativa: new insights into disease pathogenesis. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133:601–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kimball AB, Kerdel F, Adams D, et al. Adalimumab for the treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: a parallel randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:846–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Moriarty B, Jiyad Z, Creamer D. Four-weekly Infliximab in the treatment of severe hidradenitis suppurativa. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170:986–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Blok JL, Boersma M, Terra JB, et al. Surgery under general anaesthesia in severe hidradenitis suppurativa: a study of 363 primary operations in 113 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29:1590–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hagen JW, Swoger JM, Grandinetti LM. Cutaneous manifestations of Crohn disease. Dermatol Clin. 2015;33:417–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Block SL. Perianal dermatitis: much more than just a diaper rash. Pediatr Ann. 2013;42:12–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Leszczyszyn J, Łebski I, Łysenko L, Hirnle L, Gerber H. Anal warts (condylomata acuminata) – current issues and treatment modalities. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2014;23:307–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. McCormack PL. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine (gardasil(®)): a review of its use in the prevention of premalignant anogenital lesions, cervical and anal cancers, and genital warts. Drugs. 2014;74:1253–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Mengjun B, Zheng-Qiang W, Tasleem MM. Extramammary Paget’s disease of the perianal region: a review of the literature emphasizing management. Dermatol Surg. 2013;39:69–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Tan SC, Tan JW. Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;11:313–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Burgess NA, Lari JL. Pyoderma gangrenosum with large circumferential perianal skin loss in a child. Br J Clin Pract. 1991;45:223–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Claeys A, Weber-Muller F, Trechot P, et al. Cutaneous, perivulvar and perianal ulcerations induced by Nicorandil. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155:494–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ryan C, De Gascun CF, Powell C, et al. Cytomegalovirus-induced cutaneous vasculopathy and perianal ulceration. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64:1216–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian Kirby MD, FRCPI .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kirby, B. (2017). Perianal Skin Conditions. In: Herold, A., Lehur, PA., Matzel, K., O'Connell, P. (eds) Coloproctology. European Manual of Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53210-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53210-2_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-53208-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-53210-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics